Wrath of war an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Wrath of war The main component that comes out clearly, is the openness with which the authors foresaw their fate. They expected the occurrence with courage made know that they had gone to war with a vision in mind. They had something they wanted to achieve. That is: - victory, liberation and a peaceful world. For example Lester in his letter to the parents showed what he thought would be his fate when he said. Need essay sample on "Wrath of war" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The letters also showed the different expectations that the authors had towards the war. Some had resolved to die for their country while others hope of going back safe and hence live for it. Generally, the letters bring out an illusion of what the war was, the lives of those involved, their suffering, expectations, excitement, perseverance, conditions, injuries, death and their dedication. Among the facts that have come out in this chapter is love. The love the authors had for their people made some go for the war. This includes the love they had for their wives, spouses or children all in an effort to make them happier and proud. The other fact is suffering and endurance.The war led to the death of many men and the conditions that the soldiers endured were pathetic. They lived for long periods in rat infested houses, mud-soaked and stinking of human waste and rotting corpses. They were in constant fear and anxiety of what the next minute entailed. Lastly, the fact that remains so obvious in this chapter is the dedication with which the soldiers faced the war. Despite the hardships that came their way they remained dedicated to serve despite the fear of death, lack of assurance to live. Work cited Madureira, J. (2008). Docksides: Wrath of War. UK, Matthew Walker Publishers.

WTO (World Trade Organization) The WritePass Journal

WTO (World Trade Organization) Introduction: WTO (World Trade Organization) Introduction:Describing WTO:Review of World trade organizationWTO Regulatory FrameworkDispute SettlementDispute Settlement in the WTO: Relationship of playersNational treatmentWTO and the developing countriesConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction: WTO (World Trade Organization) agreements consists of the rules and regulations and having fair trade practices framework with the developing countries of the world. In order to face multilateral negotiations and to cope up with the failure of Doha Round. The multilateral trade system was a great achievement that advanced a framework for the WTO/GATT international trading. However, the conflicts of member’s interests, RTAs have become the only remedy, where nations can seek to apply their views via direct negotiations. Ultimately the success depends on the success of Doha Round, developing countries fails to achieve their objectives under the RTAs framework and bilateral deals. Finally it has been analyzed that the rules set under the RTAs were proper but the regulation was on weaker side. The RTAs and WTO relationship has been controversial and much disputed as a matter of lack of regulation among the fair trade practices. Taking into consideration the proper valuation of the goods the amount of duties paid should also be counted. Lastly in this essay we look towards most beneficial acquisitions to promote unfair and equitable foreign trade practices.    Describing WTO: A word WTO is known as the World Trade Organization which is very helpful to the trading business around the world. Nowadays most of the countries are being benefited by the trading agreements which are having their own different types of regions[1]. Earlier the regions and the international bodies were treated very softly with a view to have mutual cooperation to the financial business. But the time when RTA has been increased, it has put a competition with the trade structure. WTO came into practice from 1995 due to which agreements has been treated fairly and smoothly. It was formed so as to have track on all joint venture trade and agreements which were being done among the associates, side by side support was being given to the newest trades. As such many precautions have been taken care of so that any disputes should not come among the different nations. All the previous agreements which were formed by different countries were being continued with the new agreements also. World Trade Organization also plays an important role to keep a check on all regions so that there should not be any unfair trade practices being used with the agreements[2]. The agreements helps the other nations to remove   the poverty line by taking different measures which helps the workers to benefit in terms of their health, family and also by providing good training so as to come out from their poverty line. The WTO agreements consists of the rules and regulations and having fair trade practices framework with the developing countries of the world. Every country has different rules and regulations as such WTO takes care of all nations. There are approx. 150 countries are the member of WTO and among them around 2/3 members are developing countries. Those developing countries play an important role in the WTO due to their strong economy and consider trade as a one of the key for the economy development. There are several difference as concern to their individual views exist among the developing countries. So followings are the special arrangement for the developing countries: Existence of the special provision for the developing countries under WTO agreements. There are special committees as concern to Trade and development, focus on those special provisions and there are other area like technology transfer, trade and debt, which are dealing with some other committee. Technical assistance related training and development backed by Secretariat  of WTO for the developing nations. The obligation of procedural fairness of WTO has two different aspects. The first explained that the obligation imposed within dispute settlement system, which protects the fairness among the parties in the processing. The other, member of WTO are obliged to ensure the fairness practice in their country’s legal system; it could be referred to GATT Article X: 3(a), which state that all the norms and regulation mentioned under Article X: 1 should be strictly scrutinize in a proper manner. Although, the above mentioned obligations are very important and it could also be subject to WTO dispute settlement proceeding. In this essay, there are some problems which are been faced when the rules and trade practices are being implemented on different nations. In this we cover all the briefs of WTO; all the problems which are related to the developing nations have been resolved through WTO rules and guidelines[3]. Review of World trade organization For the development of the economy, international trade barriers are been incorporated to provide promotional support to the developing nations. During the formation of International Monetary Fund, a proposal was been submitted by United Nation[4] and formulation of plan was been done with economics and social council acknowledge so as to regulate the plan in International Trade Organization ,started   just after World Bank and IMF in 1945. US and UK has got a very sophisticated picture towards the fair trade in the beginning, just after sometime United Nation have been settled for mixed and different rules and regulations, o the other hand United kingdom Government followed proper rules and regulations so as to run in an proper manner. WTO and various trade agreements share the same rules and regulations as such they were regulated by strict policies. Mainly there were some clear exemptions of various trade agreements as compared to WTO. RTA and other agreements from the trading organization created a discriminatory issue for other members.   The regional trade agreements moved very hastily just after article XXIV came through which other trade organizations has grown significantly. Fifty four bodies signed the treaty that worked for the debate for various rounds held at Havana. As ITO does not come under the Trading agreements as states of UNO, it never participated while voting for ITO bodies, and ignores by few regulatory bodies[5]. The negotiation which took place in 1948 involved various rounds and at UN Conference in Havana(Cuba), 54 countries signed the negotiation. The main objective of ITO’s was to encourage more international economic growth and the flow of trade internationally, which also consider agreements of commodity, provisions for employment, investment opportunities and eliminating risky business practices. The major factors which ITO constitutes and concentrated was to increase the flow of international trade by performing trading of various goods and services and to boost up the global economic growth. Proper procedures were established to measure the performance of provisions made for employment, limiting trade practices, agreement of commodity and various methods of investment. Because of all this ITO was not in the minds of different bilateral participating nation in the trading[6]. The actual predictions on epigrammatic agreement and trade organization kept a regulatory check on it proved by General agreement on Trade and Tariffs. After the disintegration of the ITO, GATT has been emerged as a multilateral instrument for handling the international trade. Since, GATT transformed as an international body, which has been expected by UN system to function as a specialized agency[7]. Handling the issues over trade , trading was increased as well as the tariffs set were comparatively lower than the other trade practices, thus playing an important and pivotal role in forming a powerful and useful approach all over. Some set of rules and regulations was to be followed by the endorsed countries. A deep refurbishing was required by the system in 1980’s which gave rise to a Uruguay Round and further   lead to the introduction of WTO7. InGeneva, The Uruguay round has been taken place with the basic idea of the ministerial meeting of GATT in November 1982. Agriculture was strongly hindered from the beginning in this meeting, but all the ideas lead to the immense failure of all. The new globalization of the world economy was anxiously followed by the Uruguay Round. Since the treaty has been signed by many nations, a large expansion in the trade was expected. Trading of agriculture and textiles in different segment also showed a increasing sign. A well planned cross-examination was held in order to give a review to all rules and regulations levied by GATT. Hence, the growth of international trade has been accelerated due lead taken by increased number of nations. In year 1993, some modifications were made in the rules and regulations which had been assigned to the existing signatory bodies. Perhaps same rules were to be followed with the same agreements as it was the high time but some changes lead to the higher side of foreign trade. The important benefit obtained from the act of Uruguay Round lead to the foundation of World Trade Organization. On 1st, January 1995, the term WTO came into existence in continuation with the GATT framework[8]. For all the countries agreement is not necessary, although it is related to the constitutional body of i nternational law and represents the significant picture widely. Around 153 members took part in the foundation of WTO and maximum trade is being measured through this WTO framework. WTO is regarded as the only existing framework which focuses and deals in maintaining the healthy relationship between the co-countries which allow the trade expansion within liberal economy across the world. The co-members of WTO have the full right to arbitrate in the round table as per Article 2, many regulations deal while posing provisions and restrictions for obligation among the internal environment[9].WTO describes various rules and regulations for promotional trade, but it does not represent the real picture as any appropriate meetings and procedures are not followed or have not been considered regarding the fairness of practices and which remains impartial. Because of all this some new areas has been taken into account and proper measures are drafted to make them as an economical advantage among labour and the environment because of different trading agreements. WTO works on the larger framework whereas the agreements are balanced when it considers the total number of states. Few assumptions are being framed while dealing with the developing countries. WTO’s basic principle is to see the limitation of rules and regulations which are open to the members, although a very limited discussion on trade barriers and proper procedures are followed to resolve the disputes between the trading countr ies. WTO Regulatory Framework The legal framework of WTO is to see the proper execution of fair trade practices and the extent up to which the rules and regulations should be taken into consideration while doing trade with different countries. The problem faced lies with the implementation of various rules and regulations, how to resolve the disputes among different traders and making decisions for the organization[10]. Under the Article 4.1 of the WTO agreement, the Conference among the ministry is the highest authority of WTO. The conference details the voluntary decision making all the members of WTO confined to the legislative body. The meeting of the Ministerial Conference must be done in every two years. These meetings explain the wide range of political interactions of the Conference held for through discussions and decisions. It is not necessary that the Ministerial conference actually needs to deliver the proper influence over the obligatory feat over the WTO members. In contrary the General council calls for the general meet with all itsMemberState’s ambassadors apparently once in every subsequent month inGeneva, this meeting is done related to the economic condition in order to get investigated and possible amendments could be made on the decisions making. Its main objective is to frame and analyze the policies related to national trade and in order to run other authorities in the WTO such as the secretariat. Every member of the WTO was specified to participate in disputes settlements panels, committees exempting from the Appellate body, councils and Textiles Monitoring Body. The administrative and technical support was provided by the Secretariat among both the WTO and developing countries which were laid on different trade policies, resolutions of trade and advice of the governments. To keep checks on the rules and regulation, the country’s voting system plays a very crucial role as each country can just vote one time, though it does not matter because they are not taken into account. Dispute Settlement The global economy prefers to do trade with the neighboring countries, reason being the low tariffs, and thus helping in creating and maintaining healthy environment and relation as transport costs also lowers down. Proper calculations and approximations are made in order to formulate and regulate proper agreement among the countries. As new trade theory opens the gate for the scale of economies giving rise to larger number of agreements and thus to more trading segments which can become more efficient towards exports and imports. Various agreements of Uruguay Round gave a helping hand in providing a clear picture of WTO framework towards planned rules and regulations.   A proper framework to settle disputes was confined by WTO[11]. The dispute settlement is an integral system in the WTO, Which applies to all multilateral agreements with single set of all disputes but some specific rules in some cases. The following bodies play an important role in the WTO: Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) Panel and Appellate Body Parties: WTO Members WTO Secretariat   Dispute Settlement in the WTO: Relationship of players Source: Dispute Settlement in the WTO, www.wto.org/english/tratop_e//intro_wto_disput_settle.ppt As the disputes arising between the trading countries, the regulations of the trade control the fluctuations affects, now a days the WTO dispute settlement as the most dynamic international adjudicative process in the worlds due to the previous experience of the Considered WTO director-general. Hence it was found that â€Å"aggressive unilateralism† of economically powerful nations have been replaced by mechanism of multilateral rules and remedies backed by WTO. Because of the separation of many members from the system, the transparency of WTO guideline fails to fulfill the decisions making process. As an example, certain conferences have not been attended by some of the delegates among the Seattleconference[12]. Thereafter, The Doha conference came into existence whose main objective was to focus on the individual people, thus showing a real picture to the framework. The main drawback is due to improper time management and negotiation done with the different rounds of conference. The difficulties arise due to the unclear language used in the various agreements of analyzing the treaties[13]. The increasing number of nation towards MFN treaty is more important aspect of the decision, from which other nation will get benefited and consequently banned discrimination state would be followed by WTO. The rate remains the same for all the other bodies no matter if any member provides some benefit at lower cost or lower custom duty; hence no discrimination is being followed. MFN also concerns about the GATT (article2) and Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) (article4) 11. The main thing which is considered while selecting the method is that the method or the art icle must contain all the important aspects of WTO. National treatment The members of the different states could not be fully understood the actual relationship between the foreign products and services. The third article of GATT is being referred for the proper limelight of actual market principles of WTO. Thereafter proper proportion should be maintained between the regional and international products and services as per Article 17 of GATT and the TRIPS provisions. Making differentiation may very easy for the WTO regarding its local and overseas products. National treatment firmly applies to the foreign goods, services or piece of logical property has already accessed the local market. It fails to achieve its main objective of finding out the proper and exact proportion of conflicts between the developed and developing countries. National treatment policy very easily accepts the changed proper tariffs for the neighboring products but thereafter if the product has been found radically they lose the position of being charged as an correspondent tax notions. For example the situation can be best put up into matter of fact that treatment can be found in Japan-Alcohol which can best explain:   in order to get proper protection the national treatment is generally prohibited while using internal taxes and other internal treatment obligations. Article I of GATT and WTO owns a very significant role and have been described as â€Å"a keystone of the GATT and one of the main and important pillar of WTO trading system†. Though it is main ly accepted that WTO has been more successful in comparison to GATT for promoting the fairness and equality in the trading system as organization keeps a regular check on the liabilities possessed by its members. WTO is referred to as a free trade institution which generally accepts tariffs and occasionally forms or follows different forms of protection[14]. Thus it s a open system of desired rules and regulations where there is truthful and fair competition. The rules governed to the Non-inequity-national treatment and MFN is centralized and can be opposed critically by the environment, human right action and medical. The international trade regime contains the factors that are so designed as to prevent the intervention in support of domestic stability.   Generally basic concept and objective of the national treatment is to increase the fair competition between the members in terms of goods, intellectual property, agriculture, services and this has given a right to the government of breaching the trade agreements. The fairness and equality between the international trade has been threatened in many occasions in many ways but WTO proved successful in solving the matters and bringing out fai rness and equality by using utilizing case laws.   Anti-dumping agreements and relevant case laws are explained so that one can think of rules and regulations to be followed in the trade agreement. WTO and the developing countries The WTO membership consists of developing countries which formed the main framework and resulted in better trade flow of foreign products and services after the GATT. This was because the involvement of emerging countries increased immensely. The involvement of more developing countries roots WTO’s stem from classified system tailored by the World Bank on the basis of per capita income of the country. Since WTO does not contain any proper definition of developing countries, the term was defined in either economic or other measures[15]. These developing countries in the WTO framework had a disadvantage of lack of human and technical resources. WTO considered these countries to be weaker in keeping up proximity with the rapidity in meetings held in Geneva on the weekly basis. Thus developing countries under the framework rarely entered into the discussions as they were less prepared than the industrialized countries. Due to this, a decision making bloc was selected to make decis ions on behalf of all members for US, EU, Canada and Japan. Therefore in spite of single vote structure for the WTO it was helpless to allege the decisions. The WTO is responsible for the promoting fair and equitable trade as an international organization. WTO in Seattle conference was accused to be the supporter of globalization because of favoring interest of developed countries and negative effects on developing countries[16]. There was a disagreement between the developing and developed countries regarding the agricultural subsidies given by the governments of developed countries. One must clarify that , most least developed and developing country’s economy depends on the tariffs on foreign products and services. Since WTO focuses on reducing the tariffs on foreign goods and services under the principle of MFN the biggest disadvantage which developing countries faces being under WTO will be risk faced in terms of their budget and public payment responsibilities. As the gathering of most powerful countries under the WTO as well increase in the demand of the national treatment by the WTO, developing countries will be affected negatively and its local market and agriculture will be confronted by the tough competition. In year 2003 many developing countries rejected the EU proposal which focused on lowering the commitment of is agricultural subsidies. This gave the developed countries a greater access over the developing countries markets[17]. The WTO lies on the fact that even after the collapse of Doha round, WTO didn’t stopped performing its functions discussed under the past rounds, continued to manage and hold a stable position, even though it lacked some regulations in developing countries. The existing agreement detailed the planned set of rules and regulations for trading among important players includingEU,USA, Japan, China andIndiaas prevailing power. The WTO possessed a challenged against Doha deal as they undertook separate free trade agreements among themselves thus attracting the new acquisitions and working with the new countries like Russia and Vietnam, which worked very hard   and did all possible efforts to be the part of the organization. The new policies were implemented taking into the consideration that the disputes are been settled and criticism is being hold n frequent basis.   Solving the disparity among the member states provided the real benefit of no risk element. As some important skills will be expected in next couple of year therefore the role of the Director General of WTO has to be re-evaluated for the future concern. In order to make a regulatory body WTO will be looking forward to leadership acknowledgement while addressing philosophical measures related to the impacts of the trade policy towards the employment which WTO’s most members are with. In this modern world today the developing countries which are the members with the WTO faces more problems in terms of employment. They offer very less jobs in agricultural and manufacturing sector. The relationship between economic growth and employment during the short span of time in dynamic economies like inChinahas been denied by the Asian development Bank and UNDP study. Thus the main problem faced by the members of the WTO is due to the trade affecting the jobs basically entitled to it. Providing employment can be placed as an important aspect with the new rising needs formulating a proper procedure to show some efforts in significant manner. Few adjustments are planned to be made to keep stress of job segment liberalized and flexible. The adjustments are posed to be flexible and wide executions are sequential as the present economy and trading system tends to change dramatically over the last few rounds of trade negotiations constituted in year 1994 summit. The under developed and poor countries are making various efforts to gear up their spirits in order to overcome lost grounds in past few years in trade. So in nutshell it can be seen and framed out that many countries are gearing up the working on employment and other various possible factors for creating a environment beneficial for trade[18]. Conclusion All the above mentioned information attempted to explain that how fair trade system is embodied in the WTO/GATT is to be taken care of and understood clearly. Both GATT and WTO got the benefited of international trade by framing and following various rules and regulations of trade. Different trade barriers and negotiation on tariffs were very seriously planned keeping in to the mind the rules and regulations of the trade. Since WTO came into existence first, it afforded the opportunity of gathering members and discussing the trade opportunities available, discussed issues and provided protection to their markets from unfair trade practices and anti-competition. Free of cost trading tends to be beneficial and free trade movement will be a helping hand towards the welfare of the organization. In order to save the free trading and free trade movement the GATT/WTO established some agreements (like anti-dumping agreement) which contained the rules to protect the Member’s economies, introduced some principles like MFN and national treatment. These organizations removed the key developmental tool for developing countries. The developing countries which do not joined the WTO was negatively affected. The only solution which was left with the developing countries was to organize their interest to achieve their objectives. The Doha development round clearly showed the way of fairness of focusing particularly on t he central issues of market access and thus ensuring all the members participation in the decision makes process. The WTO helps in facing the unnecessary competition present in the members of the states. Delays in holding panels and increased management cost gave rise to more disputes among the members and breaches of WTO obligations. To settle these disputed developed and developing countries experienced proper disputer settling process.   It has been initially made for the WTO to overcome the regulations speeded all over the equity between member States to boost world trade. By providing legal assistant to the developing countries, a fair trade can be considered best with the difference between developed and developing countries. The relevant aspect which is supported by the trade agreement is of competitive liberalization with the consent of moving toward free trade on the three levels that is multilateral, bilateral and regional. The reason for the improper regulation of obligations among the members may be due to the lack of decision making power. The conflict between household rules and its necessities was the major criticism faced by WTO. The identical apprehension applies to cut-throat liberalization. The general concept of liberalization is based in the concept of discriminatory view of RTAs. To develop good healthy competition among different levels having full benefit for well-off countries, a good competitive liberalization is must. Competitive liberalization in actual is regarded as political rather than economical. The increasing operational trade barrier between groups of members has been removed by mutual agreement between the groups of countries. The members of the WTO predicted the need of RTAs after dealing withDoharound to be in harmony with the multilateral process in order to promote trade integration and facilitate the transactions between the nations. Thus ministers decided to launch a negotiation to address this subject of trade integration, in respect of RTAs systematic and legal aspect. The WTO reformed RTAs to be transparent ad fully regulated under its rules. For the regional trade agreement a Draft Decision on a transparency Mechanism was advanced in year 2006 but the conclusions are awaited from the Doha Round. A successful Conclusion by theDoharound will be expected to improve the CRTA and increase the WTO oversight of RTAs. The failure cost in the DDA will be substantial, as the trading system. The main analysis of the papers reveals the proper understanding of the rules and regulations mentioned therein.   In respect of culture, there should be proper regulatory bodies to face multilateral negotiations, uncertain and unpredictable future, and the failure of Doha Round. The set up set by the multilateral trade system was a great achievement that advanced a framework for the WTO/GATT international trading. However, the conflicts of member’s interests, RTAs have become the only remedy, where nations can seek to apply their views via direct negotiations. Ultimately the success depends on the success of Doha Round. The developing countries are not able to achieve their objectives in the framework of RTAs and bilateral deals as in few situations local business is put to set aside from the competition under competitive liberalization. Finally it has been analyzed that the rules set under the RTAs were proper but the regulation was on weaker side. The RTAs and WTO relationship has been controversial and much disputed as a matter of lack of regulation among the fair trade practices. Taking into consideration the proper valuation of the goods the amount of duties paid should also be counted. So in nutshell it can be pointed out that few goods do not have any problem during calculation of export duties or quota management, nor does it creates problem for the valuation of goods for internal taxation or foreign control. Hence WTO looks out for more beneficial acquisitions to promote unfair and equitable foreign trade practices. References 10 Benefits of WTO Trading System (2008): WTO, ISBN 978-92-870-3436-6 available at www.wto.org Alan Matthews (2003), â€Å"Agriculture After Cancà ºn†, Trinity Economic Paper No. 17, 2003. Amrita Narlikar (2006), â€Å"Fairness in International Trade Negotiations: Developing Countries in the GATT and WTO†, The World Economy, Volume 29,  Issue 8,  pages 1005–1029,  August 2006. Andrew D. Mitchell (2006), â€Å"Fair Crack of the Whip: Examining Procedural Fairness in WTO Disputes Using an Australian Administrative Law Framework†, U of Melbourne Legal Studies Research Paper No. 232, available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=987758 Anne McGuir (2002), â€Å"The Doha Development Agenda†, Finance Development (IMF), September 2002, Volume 39, Number 3. Bhagwati J, Hugh T. Patrick (1990), â€Å"Aggressive unilateralism: Americas 301 trade policy and the world trading system†, University of Michigan Press, pp. xii + 268 Bhagwati and Krishna (1999), â€Å"Trading Blocs: Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Preferential Trade Agreements†, MIT Press. Brian Jones J. (2010),â€Å"The role of World Trade Organization† available at http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Role-of-World-Trade-Organization-(WTO)id=3591171. Folsom R. (2008), â€Å"Bilateral Free Trade Agreements: A Critical Assessment and WTO Regulatory Reform† , School of Law , San Diego Research Paper No. 08-070 2008. Hoekman B Holmes P (199), â€Å"Competition Policy, Developing Countries and the WTO†, FEEM Working Paper No. 66-99. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=200621 or doi:10.2139/ssrn.200621 Matsushita M at el. (2006),â€Å"The World Trade Organization Law, Practice and policy†, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition. Mr. Carlos Carnero Gonzlez (European Parliament) (2008), â€Å"LOOKING BEYOND DOHA† , ANNUAL 2008 SESSION OF THE PARLIAMENTARY CONFERENCE ON THE WTO, Geneva, 11-12 September 2008. Overview of the WTO: DTIs Website for Europe World Trade; The National Archives. Peter V. D Bossche, Denise Prà ©vost Marià «lle Matthee (2005/06), â€Å"WTO Rules on Technical Barriers to Trade† ; available at worldtradelaw.net/articles/vandenbosschetbt.pdf. Ross Korves (2005), â€Å"Regional Trade Agreements Are Discriminatory, And That’s Good†, available at truthabouttrade.org/index2.php?option=com_contentdo_pdf=1id=855 Sandra Polaski (2006), â€Å"The Future of the WTO, Trade, Equity, and Development Project†, Policy Outlook 2006 Robert E. Hudec (1987), â€Å"Developing Countries in the GATT/WTO Legal System† TRADE POLICY RESEARCH CENTRE, ISBN 0-566-05697-6. Ten Years of WTO Dispute Settlement: Australian Perspectives (2006), Commonwealth of Australia, ISBN: 1 921244 08 9, available at www.dfat.gov.au/trade/negotiations/wto_disputes.html. Tobi Indyke (2009), â€Å"Fair Trade or Free Trade†; available at http://ezinearticles.com/?Fair-Trade-Or-Free-Trade?id=2886317. [1]Benefits of WTO Trading System (2008) wto.org/english/res_e/doload_e/10b_e.pdf [2] Brian Jones Jr. (2010), The role of World Trade Organization, http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Role-of-World-Trade-Organization-(WTO)id=3591171 [3]Tobi Indyk,. Fair Trade Or Free Trade; http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Tobi_Indyke. [4] Agricultural Issues Centre vol. 17, No. 2 (2003), http://aic.ucdavis.edu/pub/quarter/q17.2.03.pdf [5] Bhagwati Krishna (1999), Trading Blocs: Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Preferential Trade Agreements, MIT Press [6] Matsushita M, Schoenbaum T, Mavroidis P (2006), The World Trade Organization Law, Practice and policy, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition. [7] The Uruguay Round, WTO;   wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/fact5_e.htm [8] Peter Van den Bossche, Denise Prà ©vost Marià «lleMatthee (2005/06), ‘WTO Rules on Technical Barriers to Trade’worldtradelaw.net/articles/vandenbosschetbt.pdf. [9] Overview of the WTO: DTIs Website for Europe World Trade; The National Archives. [10] Ten Years of WTO Dispute Settlement: Australian Perspectives (2006), Commonwealth ofAustralia [11] Bhagwati J, Krishna P (1999), Trading Blocs: Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Preferential Trade Agreements, MIT(Press) [12] Bhagwati J, Hugh T. Patrick (1990), Aggressive unilateralism: Americas 301 trade policy and the world trading system, University of Michigan Press, pp. xii + 268 [13] Brown, Andrew and Stern, Robert M. (2005), Achieving Fairness in the Doha Development Round,, Global Economy Journal: Vol. 5: Issue. 4. [14] Folsom R. (2008), Bilateral Free Trade Agreements: A Critical Assessment and WTO Regulatory Reform, School of Law , San Diego Research Paper No. 08-070 2008. [15] Mr. Carlos Carnero Gonzlez (European Parliament) (2008): LOOKING BEYOND DOHA, ANNUAL 2008 SESSION OF THE PARLIAMENTARY CONFERENCE ON THE WTO, Geneva, 11-12 September 2008 [16]Ross Korves (2005), Regional Trade Agreements Are Discriminatory, And That’s Good, truthabouttrade.org/index2.php?option=com_contentdo_pdf=1id=855 [17] Alan Matthews (2003), Agriculture After Cancà ºn, Trinity Economic Paper No. 17, 2003 [18] Sandra Polaski, the Future of the WTO, Trade, Equity, and Development Project, Policy outlook 2006.

What You Need to Know to Succeed in the Retail Industry

What You Need to Know to Succeed in the Retail Industry Retail can be an excellent job for anyone- especially college-aged or retired people who need or want the flexibility and human interaction. It used to be fairly easy to just show up and get hired. Nowadays, it’s becoming a competitive field in its own right. Here are a few things to know to succeed in landing yourself a retail career.1. Performance MattersYou’re not simply there to help customers when they need it. You’re also there to perform well across a variety of metrics. Make sure you know what these are for your job and that you are meeting them. Otherwise, you will be let go.2. Customers are the Reason You Have a JobEveryone you speak to is your customer. And you should treat them with respect- each one is precious to your company, which can’t afford to lose any customers at all. If you get a totally unreasonable person, get management involved instead of getting snippy.3. Don’t ComplainNeither customers nor bosses (nor coworkers, for that matter) appreciate a Negative Nelly. Don’t gossip, don’t complain, don’t gripe about your hours. And never bad-mouth your company in anybody’s earshot. Be a positive force and get respect.4. Be FlexibleBeing a team player is important. Be willing to help your teammates get their work done, and to swap shifts with a desperate coworker in occasion.5. Respect the RulesTry not to cut corners. Respect your company’s policies. Don’t try to make new rules for yourself. Stick to what you’re told and be trusted to follow it to the letter.6. Take InitiativeSelf-motivation is important, as is the ability to take delegated tasks and do them without issue, promptly, and well. If you go above and beyond, as a rule, everyone will notice. And you’ll likely get ahead.7. Be ProfessionalRetail may seem like a more casual industry than others, but professionalism is no less important. Follow standard business etiquette at all times. Be courteous a nd polite and make a good first impression at every turn.8. Keep in Mind: There is a FutureRetail may just seem like a stop-gap job, but there are ample opportunities for growth if you keep your eyes open and continue striving.9. The Hours Can be ToughKeep in mind you’ll be working a lot of evenings and weekends. These are very busy times for most retailers and you’ll likely have to work some of these times. Some work environments will be slow, others will be rapid-paced and rapid-fire. Make sure you know which you’re most suited for before accepting any jobs.10. Confidence is KeyYou might not realize how important it is to engage with every customer, but it is crucial. Patience, empathy, respect, and positivity are also important. Greet every customer afresh, with a smile and a willingness to help, and you’ll do fine.

In Edith Wharton stories souls belated and Autre Temps Essay

In Edith Wharton stories souls belated and Autre Temps - Essay Example However Edith Wharton in her short stories ‘Soul Belated’ and ‘Auster Temps’ tries to rectify the situation and struggles to present an independent woman who is able to decide for herself and has the tendency and courage to strife for her freedom and happiness. Although the readers get a totally opposite impression as they observe the women protagonists trying to struggle in the pursuit of happiness yet they find themselves failing tremendously. Both the stories project two divorced women and the problems and insecurities they face because of the treatment to which society had subjected them to before and after their divorce. Mrs. Lidcote in Auster Temps’ deal with her insecurities regarding her daughter’s future and the disappointments she faces when she realizes that even after twenty years the society still shuns her. On the other Lydia in Soul Belated is observed to be trying to run away from the shackles of marriage again as she relishes h er new found freedom after her separation from her husband and the eminent divorce in the near future. In Mrs. Lidcote case the readers observe that the woman’s decision to return to states after twenty years to meet her daughter and try to face the cruel society matrons again is a proof of her courage and determination to deal with any sort of unpleasant conduct of the society for her daughter’s sake. However in her particular situation it is observed that she is a victim of society’s prejudices and such a harsh behavior not only effects her emotionally but also takes its toll on her relationship with her daughter and Franklin Ide which becomes quite strained as both the characters in their efforts to protect her from any sort of harm implicitly imply that she is still not accepted by the society matrons. Hence she feels as if she is alone in this world and her desolate state is not because of lack of inner strength to defy the strictures of society and live in dependently but because of the prejudices and impartiality of the society However Lydia from the beginning of the story is depicted in a manner that gives her an aura of vulnerability and projects her as an indecisive young woman as this is clearly apparent from her attempt to avoid discussing the divorce letter. Her attempt to escape from a major confrontation is symbolic of her lack of courage. Subsequently as the story unfolds for her the best solution to every trouble is to try to run away from it as also observed towards the end she again tries to turn her back and run away from Gannett’s offer of marriage. Though she is scared for her image in front of Lady Susan and the rest of her party but she does not makes any attempt to accept her reality and face them like Mrs. Lidcote. Instead she decides to cut herself free from Gannett. Then again in the end it is observed that she succumbs to marry Gannett and this particular action is a testimony against her lack of courage because even when she convinces herself to board the boat at the last moment she runs back because may be she is the conventional sort of the woman who accepts that her existence in this world without a man and a legitimate relationship is near to impossible. So she realizes that rather than fighting fate it is better to give in and face life as it comes rather than anticipating disappointments without taking the plunge. Hence it is observed th

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Marketing - Essay Example Before product development, one needs to analyse the demand of that product in context of its supply, or needs to create a demand by creating marketing niche. Creation of a new marketing niche can be done through the creation of a brand. This means to create demand hype by convincing potential customers for buying and using that product, irrespective of its necessity. This is very common for luxurious goods and services. 2. Price It is the material amount that is paid by the customer for a product. According to Jed C. Jones ‘The price of any product has a direct impact on the marketability of that product. Pricing for offerings that are more commonly available in the market is more elastic, meaning that unit sales will go up or down more responsively in reply to price changes. By contrast, those products that have a generally more limited availability in the market (but with strong demand) are more inelastic, meaning that price changes will not affect their unit sales very much.’ (Jones, 2007) 3. Place It is one of the most important elements of marketing mix. It is the location from where a customer can purchase or obtain the product. It consist of various channels of distribution like retail or wholesale stores, outlets, promotional stalls, home delivery services, internet stores, online shopping cart facility, mail order and website order booking. 4. Promotion Product promotional activities serve as the directional factor for achieving marketing objective. They include marketing campaigns, promotional introductory trials, event sponsorships and incentives in form of special offers, discounts, gift and advertisements. Other promotional activities include recommendations, referrals, endorsements and promotion by using good will of the company. 5. People This element of extended marketing mix comprises of people involved in each and every step of product life cycle. The management of an organization plays a key role in development of this element. They collectively constitute the culture of an organization. People also are the target audience and market segment of a particular product. 6. Process This is primarily related to the organization which is providing any sort of service as its product. Secondarily, the production process, sales, after-sales and customer relationship management of a manufacturing concern forms the proces s. 7. Physical Evidence This element of extended marketing mix deals with the physical environmental evidences. Gaurav Garg explains it as: ’the importance of quality physical layout is important in a range of service providers, including: Students going to college or university have far higher expectations about the quality of their accommodation and learning environment than in the past. As a result colleges and

System Modeling & Requirement Analysis Essay Example for Free

System Modeling Requirement Analysis Essay a)Discuss the strengths and the limitation of the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC). Systems development life cycle or software development life cycle is a conceptual model. The systems development life cycle describes the stages in an information system development project (Marios Alexandrou 2011, para.1) which from begin till the end and maintenance of system. The objectives of traditional systems development life cycle are to ensure end-state solutions meet user requirement in support of business strategies goals (FrankKlucznik 2006, para.1) and provides detailed guides of all aspect of system development or scope to managers. Commonly, the traditional systems development life cycle has 5 phases. First phase is planning which identify and analysis what to do. Second is analysis, analyse the requirement of system. Third is design the usability, detail and architectural of system. Next is implementation or programming through software testing and testing code. The last is support to maintain the system. Strengths The traditional systems development life cycle is familiar and easy model to develop a system. This is because the most of designers and programmers familiar with traditional systems development life cycle. Besides that, many people understand and easy to learn the approach of traditional systems development life cycle which the steps are clearly outlined (Tayntor Christine B 2007). The traditional systems development life cycle is a systematic approach, so the software or system is created or a well planned pattern (Greekinterview 2008). Using traditional systems development life cycle approach in development of system will organise and manage the task for the system clearly and organised. The traditional systems development life cycle that emphasises on project control creates formal documentation. The formal documentation ensures the system requirement can be traced back to state business. The formal documentation also records the phases of traditional systems development life cycle, then the managers can used to maximise management control and used as references for next creation of system. During the traditional systems development life cycle, it creates many intermediate products during the phases of systems development. These intermediate products will be reviewed by both managers and users. The intermediate products tested by users or customers to check whether the system meets their requirements. The traditional systems development life cycle was useful for building large and complex system. The large and complex system requires a lot of plan and traditional systems development life cycle approach can solve these problems. The traditional systems development life cycle approach was highly structure and well-defined. Therefore, the system can be planned properly by using traditional systems development life cycle approach. Limitation However, the traditional systems development life cycle is a time consuming approach. Since the traditional systems development life cycle at least has 5 phases to create a system. Each phase requires a few days till some months to complete it. So it takes a few months or years to create system when run these phases for creation of system. In addition, it takes time to create documentation which need record the process of each phase. The traditional systems development life cycle is a costly or expensive approach for system development. Each phase of the approach requires a lot of money. The costs that used in each phase are the error of the process, cost for process and cost for experts that run the phase of the approach. Documentation in traditional systems development life cycle is costly to create because it needs to create in each phase and maintain the documentation. The traditional systems development life cycle may create generation of unnecessary document (Tayntor Christine B 2007). It will happen when people followed the process of each phase slavishly. These mostly happen to the inexperienced managers and staff that believe that all the processes are required to be documentation. The traditional systems development life cycle is an inflexible approach to develop a system where it hard and lack of responds to change of system development. Cutter (2000) states the traditional system development life cycle is full-short in the new e-business environment. They (traditional systems development life cycle) are unable to keep up with fast-paced ever-changing e-business project. Therefore these approach cannot use for easy creep scope of system development. The other limitation in traditional systems life cycle is the customer or user is involved only periodically (Tayntor Christine B 2007) in phase of the system development. The traditional systems development life cycle was mainly participant in the developing system while the users or customers only test the product at the end and less chances to give feedback for the system development. This may lead misunderstanding between designers, programmers, managers and customers about the requirements and functions of the system to be made.

Tech Prep :: Education School Careers Essays

Tech Prep Tech prep has become more widely accepted by educators and the business community as real changes have been made in curriculum, courses, and programs. However, the jury is still outabout whether the anticipated student, school, and community outcomes are being realized. This essay examines the extent to which tech prep is succeeding as a unique effort, living up to the claims that have been made for it. Over the years, educators have been challenged by a number of federal, state, and local initiativesthat profess to result in better educational outcomes for students. Highly marketed at their inception, many of the initiatives ultimately fade into obscurity, some absorbed as part of otherprograms. Examinations of tech prep and its relationship to school-to-work initiatives point to thedistinctions that make each of the two programs unique and highlight the characteristics that makethem similar. Program focus is the most distinguishing feature that differentiates tech prep from school to work.Tech preps focus is primarily on school-based learning, whereas school-to-work programs alsoinclude work-based learning and linkages between the two. The distinction is less clear when thecore elements required for tech prep vary among tech prep consortia, as they are reported to do(Owens 1996). For example, when tech prep adds elements that include work-based and careerguidance components, it becomes similar to school-to-work, which may explain why someeducators are seeing little or no difference between the two. Of the 100 persons surveyed at the1996 American Vocational Association Convention, however, only 15 percent saw tech prep andschool-to-work as being exactly the same (Bragg 1996). Most of the surveyed tech prep consortia did not see the two efforts as synonymous, but perceived tech prep as a component of school to work: 35% of the respondents considered techprep to be the foundation for school to work; 50% considered tech prep to be under the school-to-work umbrella (ibid). However, for funding as well as program issues, most local techprep coordinators believe that tech prep should retain its unique identity to ensure that thebenefits of its processes and procedures are not lost or duplicated by school-to-work (Bragg et al.1997). Survey responses from 42 of 50 state directors of vocational-technical education showedagreement with the view that tech prep is one option within school to work and that its identityneeds to remin strong (Dykman 1995). Imprecision in defining the two reforms can create confusion and frustration among allstakeholders. At one of the five field sites studied during the 1996-1997 academic year, forexample, tech prep was "viewed as a premier approach to STW for more academically talentedstudents, incorporating both school-based and work-based components.

The Black Walnut Tree

Dana Doherty â€Å"The Black Walnut written by Mary Oliver, concerns the narrator's and her mother's struggle to decide whether they will have a tree on their property cut down. If they decide to have the black walnut tree removed and sell it for lumber, they will be able to pay off their home's mortgage; however, if they remain faithful to the tree and their heritage, they risk the tree collapsing onto their home resulting in its destruction.The start of the poem introduces the debate outright. However, as the speaker of the piece, or the author herself, makes her case it seems rather one sided, all arguments are in favor of cutting down the tree. The tone is literal, all making reference to the physical damages that could be caused if the tree remains. The author uses diction to convey this tone using words such as â€Å"likely† and â€Å"navy's† which add not only a casual and conversational element to the piece, but also one Of doubt.The poem shifts as the speaker describes â€Å"but something brighter than money moves in our blood- an edge sharp and quick as a trowel. † Here is where Oliver begins to employ figurative language as this â€Å"something† is making reference to the symbolic meaning behind the tree. As the poem mutinous the narrator makes reference to dreams of her father and her and of her mother's willingness to crawl with shame in their â€Å"father's backyard. Harvesting from the tree, as suggested by the piece, is a way of connecting with the agricultural ways of their forefathers. The tree is their connection to the past and the debate is not so much over the mere life of a tree, but between living comfortably and sticking to their roots. The end of the poem speaks about the tree as it continues to remain in the yard. The author describes the way her mother and her would â€Å"crawl in shame at the emptiness we'd made. † if they were to sell the tree.As the poem comes to a close the author writes †Å"so the black walnut tree swings through another year of sun and leaping winds, of leaves and bounding fruit. † This passing of time is representative of the joys and sorrows, the rise and falls of a life. They live with the presence of the tree, a life where they live in a way that remains close to their roots and their family. However, the closing words of the piece make references to the tree and the way it continues to endure the â€Å"cracking whip of the mortgage† suggesting that the struggle continues on.

Describe the Policies and Procedures of the Setting Essay

It is important that this policy is constantly being applied to ensure full safety of the pupils, this is why all staff MUST be familiar with this policy. Within this the school also has home school agreements for each year group which set out the Code of conduct/Golden Rules. Is a set of rules/guidelines for the pupils so they understand how they should behave and what is expected of them. It is important that the children are reminded of the code of conduct so that it becomes their routine and they fully understand it. It is essential that positive behaviour is always promoted, praised and used as children notice when adult’s behaviour is out of character, if positive and professional behaviour is continually used it is more likely that the pupils will also behave in that way. The golden rules are a focus around the school and are visibly displayed for all to see within the classrooms and the school hall. The children learn about these golden rules from the day they start at Springdale and it becomes a big part of Springdale life. Rewards and sanctions Although good behaviour is encouraged in schools, children will still behave inappropriate at times. Consequences for bad behaviour in my placement school can take many forms. †¢ Move from the sunshine to the black cloud. †¢ Miss time out from golden time, break or lunch play. †¢ Be sent to the head of year/deputy head †¢ Be sent to the head teacher and a meeting arranged with parents. Rewards for good behaviour can include the following. †¢ Full golden time awarded Raffle tickets gained/stickers †¢ Star of the day †¢ Extra time to choose activities †¢ Certificates in assembly Springdale Golden Award All staff can given certain rewards/sanctions however some may be given by a certain member of staff for example, if you do some good work in class then your teacher will put you forward for a Golden award which you get from the Headteacher in assembly. The child gets a certificate and a sticker infront of their peers. Dealing with conflict and inappropriate behaviour The schools policy for behaviour will give information on how you should manage more difficult behaviour as a teacher or TA. It is also important that pupils understand the behaviour policy of the school so that they have a clear idea of how bad behaviour will be dealt with if they choose to go against school rule or behave in an inappropriate manner. Anti-bullying My placement school has a separate anti-bullying policy but bullying is also built in to the behaviour policy for the whole school. It covers all forms of bullying including cyber bullying. Anti bullying is promoted for all pupils within the SEAL project, the golden rules and the home school agreements. Attendance My schools attendance policy sets out how the school manages issues around attendance. Attendance has to be monitored carefully to ensure there are no unauthorised absences or long spells of unexplained absences. Both children and parents have a responsibility to ensure they attend school and this policy will explain what will happen if the policy is not followed.

Exploring the Academic Credibility of Investigative Journalism

Exploring the Academic Credibility of Investigative Journalism Figure out what an investigative journalism is and how it is connected with the academic credibility. Hashtag: #SwissLeaks World of Superficiality Journalism in its original form is a separate world and far removed from academic sphere. The reason is that superficial thought and research are contradictory attributes of a scholarly article that by nature are systematic, in-depth, and well-structured pieces of writing. An academic complaint article is normally coherent, discusses all sides of the issue, makes use of scientifically acquired facts, properly acknowledged its sources, peer-reviewed, written and presented in technical language for informed readers. In contrast, popular journalistic publications such as newspapers, magazines, and others are mostly for the lay audience, thus informal, skimmed, and speculative. They are sometimes sketchy and one-sided, no author, and lack the credibility of scholarly works. However, the form of journalism responsible for #SwissLeaks or expose of secret billion Swiss bank accounts allegedly owned by HSBC clients seems unusual and more academic in nature than traditional journalism. The reporters that divulged secret bank accounts of known personalities (some may be facing tax invasion charges afterward) are practitioners of Investigative Journalism, an academic compliant form of journalism. This is the same form of journalism (best known as â€Å"Watchdog† journalism) responsible for unmasking corruptions, abuse of power, environmental and health scandals, and publishing of well-researched and written news articles in recent years. Academic Intellectual in Politics Academic Credibility of Investigative Journalism The definition of Investigative Journalism varies from author to author but it is commonly about a journalist’s own initiative to look into the significance of the issue, conduct a comprehensive and exhaustive research, make detailed information public, and inspire reform. Creating an outline of Investigative Journalism features found in literature would give us a form of journalistic undertaking that is truth-seeking, objective, systematic, in-depth, facts and evidence oriented, and consistent. Similarly, a careful analysis of academic research requirements will give us an idea that a certain result of a certain research must add value to existing knowledge. This new knowledge must be acquired through scientific methodologies, ethical, analytical, synthesized, and presented in succinct style and appropriate terminology. In other words, academic research is an objective, systematic, in-depth, and original piece of writing. Given that Investigative Journalism reports or articles are objective in its quest for truth, systematically and thoroughly researched, structured and presented with supporting facts and evidence, then they must be compliant to the  academic standard. The problem, however, is the fact that their method of data gathering will not pass academic ethical scrutiny. Certainly, scientific data gathering in academic sphere is never about #SwissLeaks or systematically stealing data from anyone. In fact, an academic research is about consent and confidentiality. It should be reactive to the welfare of data sources. There is no doubt that investigative journalists and academic intellectuals both seek after the truth. In fact, they are both systematic and support their claims with facts. However, they strangely vary in their values and ethical practices. For instance, although generating and promoting new knowledge is critical, the academic sphere gives more weight to the transparency and integrity of the research process. It is rational but passionate and sensitive to partiality, exploitation, and morality of its quest for truth.

How to Write a Research Paper Example

How to Write a Research Paper Example If you have ever come across the quote of Gene Fowler on writing, you would discover that writing is indeed serious business. However, there are some things about writing that make it actually fun. Some might say that starting to write is the hard part. However, there are some aspects of writing that can actually be painful if you do not go through the right routes. For example, writing a research paper can be extremely painful for someone who doesn’t know how to. However if you can, from the start, improve your technical writing skills, then it would be cake for you. Essentially, the writing of a research paper example lies in the ability for you to accurately report on the findings you have in your laboratory. However, a research paper example should not be mistaken for an ordinary run of the mill lab report, no. This is more concise, and the student has to do a lot for it to actually look like a research paper. For example, a normal lab report consists essentially of nothing more than a couple of rudimental answers to questions that were encountered in the lab. If you would agree, this is hardly helpful, since this is not how it would be in the real world – in your career path, and a research paper example is what you need to give you the beneficial guidelines. Without doubt, you would agree that no other quality of a student is more desired than an effective and admirable writing and communication skill, and it is every student’s duty to work towards these so that the student can excel in any career path in the professional hemisphere. Of course, no employer ever turned down an applicant because ‘he was a good communicator’ which is saying something. Therefore, to build your career and ensure that you are a success, here are a couple of things you should do. This article seeks toe get you acquainted with a couple of resources that would help you, and a research paper example is ideal for such a study. The reason you might want to have a research paper done would be to have people selectively read your work. What is meant by this is: in a given field, some people might be interested in a sole technique amidst others, and this is what they would be on the lookout for in your work. Therefore, if your research paper is based on these qualities alone, then you would be on the right track. This is why some journals require that your research paper be written in such a way that each section begins at the top of a new page on your research paper. Of course, this is not s strict rule, as some journals do not request for thins requirement to be met. For example, some journals have been known to simply call for a combination of your reviews and discussions and your methodology in one mixture. For example again, if you look at the research paper example of the journal called Science, you would discover that they simply eliminate the separate sections and leave only the abstract. However, if you want toe write a journal in the life science field, then you might want to make use of any research paper example in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, as this is usually the format followed by most journals from the field of life sciences. Now, for a brief rundown of the various styles available for the research paper example; if you want your paper to pass the readability test, then there are some requirements it must meet. One of these is the fact that your font size should be twelve in size. Also, you are not permitted to use fancy fonts, abut are allowed to employ the standard fonts, for example times new roman, Geneva, Bookman, Helvetica, and others. Your text would also be required to have a double spacing and the dimension of your paper would be suitable at 8  ½Ã¢â‚¬  with an inch worth of margins. Your pages should be numbered in the order in which they appear, and this means that they should follow, as one, two, three in that order. Like it was mentioned earlier, your sections should have their beginnings in a new page for better cross referencing. Make sure you know the page limits of the journal and stick within this limit. Avoid having the heading of a new topic at the bottom of a pager and then having the subject matter of the heading in the next page. Finally, whatever you do, do not submit your research paper example out of order. Make sure that everything is in an orderly fashion. Also when writing, ensure that your paper proceeds in a normally prosaic manner.

Direct Digital and Database Marketing Coursework

Direct Digital and Database Marketing - Coursework Example Many firms are doing their business in this category. Personal relationships with customers are very important to build satisfaction (Crosby, & Stephens, 1987). Relationship marketing is an old concept but gained a significant place in the field of marketing. The momentum of its development evolves from the development of services marketing with a focus on quality perspective followed by technological advancements. Traditional merchants did not know the concept of relationship marketing. The emergence of this concept was slower until it was observed that customers should be the focal point of the organization, and they must be considered important even after the purchase is done. Today relationship marketing is considered as a prominent practice for marketing and research purpose. The traditional concept of implementing marketing concept is the process of applying the marketing mix (4 P’s). Although it is universally accepted and implemented, still the model is limited and restricted. According to research conducted in Europe in the domain of service marketing, forms the loopholes in the traditional way, and identify a new definition of marketing. According to the study marketing is not something that what customers want from the company, it is creating value for them. It is the establishment and delivering the long-term customer relationship with customers. This market-oriented approach is less towards specialization and more towards management responsibilities (Grà ¶nroos, 1990). The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) is a charity organization for saving lives at sea. RNLI provides a 24-hour lifeboat and rescue service throughout United Kingdom and Ireland. RNLI is committed to saving lives through their valuable safety measure, lifeguards and most importantly lifeboats (RNLI, 2014a). Since its inception in 1824, the institute has saved more than 140,000 lives as the national institution for the preservation. In 1854,