The Effects Of Workplace Stress On The Workplace - 1472 Words

Introduction â€Å"Work stress is one of the oldest issues in organizational psychology and is considered one of the most severe occupational injuries in modern society† (Chou, Chu, Yeh, Chen, 2014, p. 115). Overcoming this severe issue of workplace stress is an important topic to discuss. It is defined as the events or circumstances that cause strain to an employee, which can result in physical, mental, and emotional consequences (Dextras-Gauthier, Marchand, Haines, 2012; Nà ¤gel, Sonnentag, Kà ¼hnel, 2015). When referring to an individual’s career, stress can create negative outcomes if it is not effectively managed. For example, within the social service organizations, it is important that there are effective stress management interventions†¦show more content†¦The results of burnout show that there can be damage to an individual’s physical health and cognitive functioning. Studies found that there is a connection between chronic work stress and job strain, wh ich results in employee sick leave and the inability to function effectively (Deligkaris, et al., 2014). In addition, results of burnout can affect the organization and the clients, due to the possibility of inadequate services being provided or a high increase in turnover. Another negative impact to consider when it comes to stress is organizational constraints. Pindek and Spector (2016) show that organizational constraints are â€Å"conditions in the work that inhibit, interfere with, or fail to support an individual’s performance of job tasks†, which results in workplace stress that is linked to the strain felt by the employee (p. 7). There are various ways that organizational constraint can create workplace stress. First, organizational constraint can be caused by having an inadequate amount of resources (Pindek Spector, 2016). Providing resources to the employees allows them to be successful in accomplishing their tasks. In addition, organizational constraints can be caused by poor interpersonal interactions, which can make assigning tasks difficult. Furthermore, Pindek Spector (2016) state that increasing interventions thatShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace1563 Words   |  7 PagesEmotions in the workplace pla y a crucial role in how organizations communicate within and to the outside world. Emotional states in the workplace have strong influence on the outcomes and dictates behaviors and attitudes within organizations. Positive emotions help employees attain favorable outcomes including job enrichment, achievement and higher quality social context. There is smooth relationship in the workplace when there are positive emotions. Negative emotions on the other hand change theRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace2472 Words   |  10 PagesThe word stress is defined as a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances. The world is full of endless opportunities; we are allowed to pursue anything in life through hard work. This is something that is emphasized early in life through school. Generally not everyone is informed of the stresses of certain routes chosen in life through occupations. There is now ways to find out how stre ssful jobs are. Schools are providing classes requiredRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace1398 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Stress is the body’s response to any change that requires an adjustment or response. The body reacts to these changes with physical, mental and emotional responses. Stress is a normal part of life.†(WebMD UK) Stress is the feeling of being under too much mental or emotional pressure. Pressure turns into stress when one feels unable to cope. For workers everywhere, the economy may feel like an emotional roller coaster. Layoffs and budget cuts are common in the workplace, and the result is increasedRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace2212 Words   |  9 Pagesand demands. Stress isn’t always bad, many times it can help people while they are performing under pressure since it will motivate them to do their best. Scientists use the term stress to refer to any force that impairs the balance of bodily functions. From this d efinition, the definition of job stress was formed. Job stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the needs of the worker. When stress begins to becomeRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress At A Workplace1503 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay examines the impact of stress at a workplace. Stress has turned into a swarming highlight of individuals life in cutting edge world. The present day world which is said to be a universe of accomplishments is additionally a universe of stress. Stress is all over, whether it is in the family, business association, venture, organization or some other social or monetary movement. Right from conception till death, an individual is perpetually presented to different unpleasant circumstancesRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace Stress1387 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace stress comes in endless types of reactions and is different from employee to employee. Accordin g to Hitt, Miller, Colella in Organizational Behavior, stress is a feeling of tension that occurs when a person perceives that a situation is about to exceed her ability to cope and consequently could endanger their well-being. Job stress is the feeling that one’s capabilities, resources, or needs to not match the demands or requirements of the job. In today’s world everybody deals with some sortRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace2214 Words   |  9 PagesStress is the body’s reaction to a mental/emotional strain subsequently from favourable or unfavourable conditions. â€Å"Workplace stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the employee.† (Nonprofitrisk.org, 2014). Stress is becoming an emerging issue within businesses and organisations as it causes damages such as sickness absenteeism, poor efficiency and more if not managedRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Stress On The United Kingdom Courts8122 Words   |  33 PagesThis study examined workplace stress in a random sample of litigated cases heard in the United Kingdom courts. The majority of claims related to clinical depression. The alleged causes of workplace stress most commonly cited in litigation included: excessive workload, followed by poor management practices, organisational, economic or technical change, aggressive management style, and bullying by co-workers. The presence of effective workplace stress management policies were important interventionsRead MoreThe Problems, Effects, and Solutions to Workplace Stress for Holland’s Automotive Repair2132 Words   |  9 Pagesexamines the problems, effects, and solutions to workplace stress. In addition, I will explain risk assessment, management, and prevention. Finally, I will review coping strategies for workplace stress. Holland’s Automotive Repair has seventy-seven people of a wide diverse nature. Internal research shows many employees are suffering from workplace stress. External research focuses on several studies, models, and theories of workplace stress effects. Workplace stress causes problems such asRead MoreEssay on Stress In The Workplace532 Words   |  3 Pagesaffects that stress can have on an employees performance and are offering different programs to help employees manage stress in their lives. This approach is proving to increase workplace performance, as well as improve employee loyalty and retention in the long run. What Causes Stress? Causes and Concerns Stress has been defined as a physiologic reaction to uncomfortable or unaccustomed physical or psychological stimuli. The biological variations that can result from stress of the sympathetic

Game Industry Forecast Shows Solid Growth Free Essays

The global game industry will generate $60 billion in revenue for 2011, and is growing at 10% annually according to a new research report by industry analyst Colin Sebastian for RW Baird. That growth rate should see overall industry revenue hit $80 billion by 2014, but the some areas of the business will remain flat or even decline, while other areas will be growing at an annual rate of 15% to 20%. The growth areas that Sebastian sees are in online and mobile games, â€Å"driven primarily by downloadable content (DLC) and mobile games† and social games to a lesser extent. We will write a custom essay sample on Game Industry Forecast Shows Solid Growth or any similar topic only for you Order Now These areas will be growing annually at a rate of 15% or more for the next several years, Sebastian believes. Unfortunately, other areas of the game business won’t be faring as well. He sees packaged software sales staying flat this year, with the growth in Xbox 360 and PS3 sales being offset by the decline in Wii and handheld game sales. This quarter will see strong sales with many big titles coming out, but that positive sales picture will only be enough to pull the sales out of the loss category for the year. The good news for the game business is that it’s the only media business with a strong positive growth forecast for the next several years. Newspapers, magazines, music, TV and other media businesses are struggling with the transition to a digital distribution model, but the high level of innovation in the game industry has kept the overall picture positive. That’s not to say there are no problems; Sebastian sees â€Å"many video game companies will continue to struggle through this transition. † Sebastian sees the mobile market as bringing in $2 billion in revenue this year, with growth continuing due to rapid adoption of smartphones and tablets. He cites studies showing that games are the leading applications on smartphones, and consumers consumers have been very willing to pay for games or for in-app purchases with â€Å"freemium† hgames, which now represent the majority of revenues for mobile games. Sebastian believes tablets can be the next great market for games, given that the form factor is better than a smartphone for playing games. Studies also show that gaming is the number one usage of tablets, with over 70% of tablet owners playing games on the devices. The difficult business climate for traditional game companies means there are fewer clear winners to invest in right now. Sebastian sees GameStop as a good holiday play given the large number of AAA titles coming out this quarter, and beyond that he picks Activision and Electronic Arts as the best performers for long-term investors, followed by Take Two. The nature of the game market is changing in the USA, according to studies cited by Sebastian. He points to the Entertainment Software Association study showing 72% of US households play games, with the average age of gamers being 37. Additionally, more than half of gamers play on their phones and other handheld game devices, and women now represent 42% of the gamer population. † It’s a far cry from the traditional â€Å"our market is teenage boys of all ages† that used to be the only demographic for game companies to care about. Sebastian sees hope for the core games segment, in that the broad appeal of casual games may get more people interested in gaming, and eventually looking for the deeper experiences that console games and PC games can offer. He sees the PC game market doing better in 2012, mostly on the strength of hit releases like Diablo III. Handheld devices, lead by the Nintendo 3DS and the Sony PSP (and soon the PS Vita) will be flat in 2012, with the launch of the PS Vita helping to offset the shift to smartphones, at least for a while. Sebastian believes the PS Vita may be able to take the leading position from the 3DS. Finally, Sebastian sees social games continuing to grow and develop in depth and richness, eventually being able to appeal more to core gamers. Console games will add more social elements, too, and eventually social games outside of Facebook will become more popular. He sees growth rates surpassing 10% annually for the next 3-5 years. The current leaders are Zynga, with 262 million monthly average users (MAU), followed by Electronic Arts with 203 million MAU. Overall, it’s a complex portrait of a rapidly growing and changing industry. Clearly there are dangers ahead for many companies as business models are changing, and once-profitable businesses are seeing their audiences depart for other types of gaming. Successful companies will be the ones who stay flexible as conditions continue to change rapidly. What’s your opinion on the future of the game industry? How to cite Game Industry Forecast Shows Solid Growth, Essays

Accounting Software (MYOB) used in Australia

Question: Describe about the Report for Accounting Software (MYOB) used in Australia. Answer: Introduction Lin and Beck (2012) stated that the implementation of small business accounting (SBA) software has common among small as well as medium sized enterprises as it becomes technically reasonable. Ng, Harrison and Akroyd (2013) argued that implementing accounting software from many available software packages is vital for small industries. The issues are lack of exterior direction as well as support and the lack of accounting abilities are identified as the main issues faced by the small businesses in the process of executing SBA software. The exterior consultants are playing the major role in implementation of SBA software. This literature review on accounting software used in Australia summarizes the history of those software and its development and adoption areas. The current market size of the Australian software is summarized to identify the leaders within the market. The competitive advantage of the accounting software is discussed to identify the current gaps as well as challenges in the small business sectors. Finally, further recommendations are given to overcome the issues in those software packages. History of the Accounting Software used in Australia In the year 1886, the founding fathers of the accounting software discusses the future of the accounting profession. To achieve this vision, Certified Practicing Accountant of Australia was born (Myob.com.au 2015). The MYOB (Mind Your Own Business) is the software that is used in the small business accounting software product developed by Christopher Lee in the United States in the year 1980. The Australian business organizations are replaced their paper based work in the area of accounting into cloud based accounting system. Around 67 percent of the accounting business are moved their business into cloud (Myob.com.au 2016). In the year 2008, MYOB launched a new package of the online services as well as domain registration. Development and Adoption MYOB is the leader within cloud accounting for the SME in Australia. With a $40 million investment in the research and development, it is continued to expand their cloud offerings in order to meet with the SME. According to Myob.com.au (2014), MYOB introduces innovative mobile solutions such as MYOB PayDirect, it is the first for credit card payments on the Smartphone. MYOB launches first cloud ERP solution for the SME. MYOB advanced is the ERP solution planned for the mid to the large businesses (myob.com 2015). The features of this ERP solution is a browser interface which offers various functionality for the employees, clients as well as employers. With the implementation of the ERP solution, most of the organizations those are using MYOB gets a robust high speed of broadband network to provide accurate financial solutions. According to ABC News (2015), the experts at 4mation Technologies connect the website as well as customer web based software to the MYOB accounting software package. It is done so that the data are flowing instantly. The websites of e-commerce as well as booking system orders are imported into MUOB, product data as well as inventory records are synchronized between the website as well as MYOB (Myob.com.au 2013). The customer staff intranet systems and other back end office software are integrated with the accounting software package to update the details in payroll, update of timesheet as well as attendance records. This software package also developed the process of prepare tax and payments automatically. Current Market Size MYOB invested AU$29.3 million in the research and development and it increases in 2013. It invests AU$5 million in order to integrate BankLink products into the MYOB accountants office as well as accountants enterprises suites and accelerates their move towards online (Blog.rgtechnologies.com.au 2014). MYOB holds a market share of approximately 60-70% for the SME and 60-70% for the public accountants by revenues and sales. According to Myob.com.au (2013), MYOB seeks to rise to $833.3 million with an initial public offer. It becomes the biggest ASX technology float of 2015, the Melbourne-headquartered company values up to $2.69 billion. Even according to the chief executive of MYOB, the company has taken enormous strides within recent years under the ownership of Bain Capital. This accounting software makes significant investment in research and development in the business in order to innovate and drive leadership through the range of cloud accounting solutions (Myob.com.au 2015). Usi ng their cloud based products, the company, MYOB claims more than 116,000 paying subscribers in the year 2014. The accounting software package pushes into larger business and hence due to adoption of first cloud ERP product, they become attractive to the integrators. Identify the leaders in the market Armitage, Webb and Glynn (2016) stated that as the leading provider of the online business management solutions, MYOB becomes one of the leaders in the Australian accounting software. This software helps the businesses to provide online business management solutions for 1.2 million clients across Australia. The software package becomes a leader in the enterprise market by delivering ERP as well as human resource management software over 7000 clients. According to Myob.com.au (2016), MYOB is the strongest contender in the market of accounting software package. It is an established world leader within the ERP market. This accounting software package has strong network of trusted, local partners, third party developers as well as authorized partners in the market of Australia. This software package has offered local support as well as training to the workers. Competitive Advantage of the Accounting Software MYOB gains a competitive advantage in the Australian accounting software packages due to some of accounting features. It has greater speed of input. This software automates manual accounting processes, which waste time and money. Lin and Beck (2012) stated that the manual accounting system requires various entities of same information. Therefore, this software synchronizes the information and decreases the time consuming practices by automating credit notes, payroll and acquire orders (Ng, Harrison and Akroyd 2013). This software package has greater accuracy for effective financial management. It automates the manual processes and reduces the human errors. The most important competitive factor of MYOB is that it reduces both financial as well as operational expenditure (Curtis 2015). When the organization uses MYOB cloud solution, it eliminates the maintenance cost, updates and backups. Therefore, most of the organizations prefer to use this accounting software solution for their acc ounting operations. Identification of current gaps and challenges The major concern for the cloud accounting system such as MYOB is the safety of data. It is due to the reason that online content is susceptible to the hackers and threats. According to Macpherson (2012), MYOB invests in the security architecture as well as design, but most of the organizations are not affording the security level that MYOB offers. This software solution is not novice friendly. The workforce of the organization should be trained on the software to avoid inefficient manual processes. As most of the organizations are not taking advantage of cloud automation, then it is critical for staff training (Blog.rgtechnologies.com.au 2014). MYOB offers free webinars to the essential users. Suddenly, in the year 2012, MYOB faces a wide backlash as it released a bug-ridden upgrade that put the future of the platform at risk. That year the accountants partners are refused to recommend this software package as it becomes slow, contains of bug and breaks existing application integrat ions. Recommendations The following are the recommendations that are suggested to the users who are using the Australian accounting software (MYOB) for their financial and accounting purposes such as: MYOB should require investing in the architecture of data security as well as design. The accounting software package should require improving their online services so that the software becomes useful in the SME. MYOB should add various features to their accounting software version such that the international partners and users should also use it. MYOB should also undergo training to the users who are going to use it at the first time. Therefore, the software updates knowledge and skills with a current tools software package to help them in a preparation of payroll and tax. MYOB should require using strong authentication technique such that the data are kept secured and remove the bugs. It also improves their operational level and make it faster to operate. Conclusion It is concluded that MYOB is competing within the Australian accounting software package market. This software is not only used for the accounting purposes, but it is also useful to take managerial decisions in order to gain a competitive advantage. Among all the accounting software packages, MYOB is rated as a top with gaining a market share of 60-70%. The benefits of this software are that it gains cloud-computing solutions that give the employees ability to work on organisational content. This software package is accessed anywhere and anytime with greater speed of input, reduces costs as well as increases accuracy. Apart from the benefits, this software also faces challenges such as data security and it is not novice friendly. MYOB also offers office training by offering day courses as well as online seminars. It provides cost-effective solutions to the organizations in order to eliminate the manual processes and develops a strategic future for the company. References ABC News, 2015.MYOB shares rise on market debut. [online] ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-04/myob-shares-rise-on-market-debut/6442986 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Armitage, H.M., Webb, A. and Glynn, J., 2016. The Use of Management Accounting Techniques by Small and Mediumà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Sized Enterprises: A Field Study of Canadian and Australian Practice.Accounting Perspectives,15(1), pp.31-69. Blog.rgtechnologies.com.au, 2014.MYOB: Benefits and Challenges for your Organisation. [online] Blog.rgtechnologies.com.au. Available at: https://blog.rgtechnologies.com.au/myob [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Curtis, V., 2015.MYOB Software for Dummies-Australia. John Wiley Sons. Lin, Z. and Beck, M.B., 2012. Accounting for structural error and uncertainty in a model: An approach based on model parameters as stochastic processes.Environmental Modelling Software,27, pp.97-111. Macpherson, S., 2012.Backlash against MYOB. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/business-it/backlash-against-myob-20120222-1tn1c.html [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. myob.com, 2015.Defining the challenges of a growing business. [online] www.myob.com. Available at: https://www.myob.com/content/dam/myob-website/docs/enterprise/industry-whitepapers/GROWING-BUSINESS-WHITEPAPER,3.pdf [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Myob.com.au, 2013.News Media Releases. [online] Myob.com.au. Available at: https://myob.com.au/myob/news-1258090872838?articleId=1257830989162 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Myob.com.au, 2014.News Media Releases. [online] Myob.com.au. Available at: https://myob.com.au/myob/news-1258090872838?articleId=1408831212290 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Myob.com.au, 2015.What is MYOB? Mind Your Own Business | MYOB. [online] Myob.com.au. Available at: https://myob.com.au/myob-1258090781426 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Myob.com.au, 2016.MYOB data file repair services. [online] Myob.com.au. Available at: https://myob.com.au/business/customer-service-support/support/company-data-file-repairs-1258090985356 [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Ng, F., A. Harrison, J. and Akroyd, C., 2013. A revenue management perspective of management accounting practice in small businesses.Meditari Accountancy Research,21(2), pp.92-116.

Wrath of war an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Wrath of war The main component that comes out clearly, is the openness with which the authors foresaw their fate. They expected the occurrence with courage made know that they had gone to war with a vision in mind. They had something they wanted to achieve. That is: - victory, liberation and a peaceful world. For example Lester in his letter to the parents showed what he thought would be his fate when he said. Need essay sample on "Wrath of war" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The letters also showed the different expectations that the authors had towards the war. Some had resolved to die for their country while others hope of going back safe and hence live for it. Generally, the letters bring out an illusion of what the war was, the lives of those involved, their suffering, expectations, excitement, perseverance, conditions, injuries, death and their dedication. Among the facts that have come out in this chapter is love. The love the authors had for their people made some go for the war. This includes the love they had for their wives, spouses or children all in an effort to make them happier and proud. The other fact is suffering and endurance.The war led to the death of many men and the conditions that the soldiers endured were pathetic. They lived for long periods in rat infested houses, mud-soaked and stinking of human waste and rotting corpses. They were in constant fear and anxiety of what the next minute entailed. Lastly, the fact that remains so obvious in this chapter is the dedication with which the soldiers faced the war. Despite the hardships that came their way they remained dedicated to serve despite the fear of death, lack of assurance to live. Work cited Madureira, J. (2008). Docksides: Wrath of War. UK, Matthew Walker Publishers.

WTO (World Trade Organization) The WritePass Journal

WTO (World Trade Organization) Introduction: WTO (World Trade Organization) Introduction:Describing WTO:Review of World trade organizationWTO Regulatory FrameworkDispute SettlementDispute Settlement in the WTO: Relationship of playersNational treatmentWTO and the developing countriesConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction: WTO (World Trade Organization) agreements consists of the rules and regulations and having fair trade practices framework with the developing countries of the world. In order to face multilateral negotiations and to cope up with the failure of Doha Round. The multilateral trade system was a great achievement that advanced a framework for the WTO/GATT international trading. However, the conflicts of member’s interests, RTAs have become the only remedy, where nations can seek to apply their views via direct negotiations. Ultimately the success depends on the success of Doha Round, developing countries fails to achieve their objectives under the RTAs framework and bilateral deals. Finally it has been analyzed that the rules set under the RTAs were proper but the regulation was on weaker side. The RTAs and WTO relationship has been controversial and much disputed as a matter of lack of regulation among the fair trade practices. Taking into consideration the proper valuation of the goods the amount of duties paid should also be counted. Lastly in this essay we look towards most beneficial acquisitions to promote unfair and equitable foreign trade practices.    Describing WTO: A word WTO is known as the World Trade Organization which is very helpful to the trading business around the world. Nowadays most of the countries are being benefited by the trading agreements which are having their own different types of regions[1]. Earlier the regions and the international bodies were treated very softly with a view to have mutual cooperation to the financial business. But the time when RTA has been increased, it has put a competition with the trade structure. WTO came into practice from 1995 due to which agreements has been treated fairly and smoothly. It was formed so as to have track on all joint venture trade and agreements which were being done among the associates, side by side support was being given to the newest trades. As such many precautions have been taken care of so that any disputes should not come among the different nations. All the previous agreements which were formed by different countries were being continued with the new agreements also. World Trade Organization also plays an important role to keep a check on all regions so that there should not be any unfair trade practices being used with the agreements[2]. The agreements helps the other nations to remove   the poverty line by taking different measures which helps the workers to benefit in terms of their health, family and also by providing good training so as to come out from their poverty line. The WTO agreements consists of the rules and regulations and having fair trade practices framework with the developing countries of the world. Every country has different rules and regulations as such WTO takes care of all nations. There are approx. 150 countries are the member of WTO and among them around 2/3 members are developing countries. Those developing countries play an important role in the WTO due to their strong economy and consider trade as a one of the key for the economy development. There are several difference as concern to their individual views exist among the developing countries. So followings are the special arrangement for the developing countries: Existence of the special provision for the developing countries under WTO agreements. There are special committees as concern to Trade and development, focus on those special provisions and there are other area like technology transfer, trade and debt, which are dealing with some other committee. Technical assistance related training and development backed by Secretariat  of WTO for the developing nations. The obligation of procedural fairness of WTO has two different aspects. The first explained that the obligation imposed within dispute settlement system, which protects the fairness among the parties in the processing. The other, member of WTO are obliged to ensure the fairness practice in their country’s legal system; it could be referred to GATT Article X: 3(a), which state that all the norms and regulation mentioned under Article X: 1 should be strictly scrutinize in a proper manner. Although, the above mentioned obligations are very important and it could also be subject to WTO dispute settlement proceeding. In this essay, there are some problems which are been faced when the rules and trade practices are being implemented on different nations. In this we cover all the briefs of WTO; all the problems which are related to the developing nations have been resolved through WTO rules and guidelines[3]. Review of World trade organization For the development of the economy, international trade barriers are been incorporated to provide promotional support to the developing nations. During the formation of International Monetary Fund, a proposal was been submitted by United Nation[4] and formulation of plan was been done with economics and social council acknowledge so as to regulate the plan in International Trade Organization ,started   just after World Bank and IMF in 1945. US and UK has got a very sophisticated picture towards the fair trade in the beginning, just after sometime United Nation have been settled for mixed and different rules and regulations, o the other hand United kingdom Government followed proper rules and regulations so as to run in an proper manner. WTO and various trade agreements share the same rules and regulations as such they were regulated by strict policies. Mainly there were some clear exemptions of various trade agreements as compared to WTO. RTA and other agreements from the trading organization created a discriminatory issue for other members.   The regional trade agreements moved very hastily just after article XXIV came through which other trade organizations has grown significantly. Fifty four bodies signed the treaty that worked for the debate for various rounds held at Havana. As ITO does not come under the Trading agreements as states of UNO, it never participated while voting for ITO bodies, and ignores by few regulatory bodies[5]. The negotiation which took place in 1948 involved various rounds and at UN Conference in Havana(Cuba), 54 countries signed the negotiation. The main objective of ITO’s was to encourage more international economic growth and the flow of trade internationally, which also consider agreements of commodity, provisions for employment, investment opportunities and eliminating risky business practices. The major factors which ITO constitutes and concentrated was to increase the flow of international trade by performing trading of various goods and services and to boost up the global economic growth. Proper procedures were established to measure the performance of provisions made for employment, limiting trade practices, agreement of commodity and various methods of investment. Because of all this ITO was not in the minds of different bilateral participating nation in the trading[6]. The actual predictions on epigrammatic agreement and trade organization kept a regulatory check on it proved by General agreement on Trade and Tariffs. After the disintegration of the ITO, GATT has been emerged as a multilateral instrument for handling the international trade. Since, GATT transformed as an international body, which has been expected by UN system to function as a specialized agency[7]. Handling the issues over trade , trading was increased as well as the tariffs set were comparatively lower than the other trade practices, thus playing an important and pivotal role in forming a powerful and useful approach all over. Some set of rules and regulations was to be followed by the endorsed countries. A deep refurbishing was required by the system in 1980’s which gave rise to a Uruguay Round and further   lead to the introduction of WTO7. InGeneva, The Uruguay round has been taken place with the basic idea of the ministerial meeting of GATT in November 1982. Agriculture was strongly hindered from the beginning in this meeting, but all the ideas lead to the immense failure of all. The new globalization of the world economy was anxiously followed by the Uruguay Round. Since the treaty has been signed by many nations, a large expansion in the trade was expected. Trading of agriculture and textiles in different segment also showed a increasing sign. A well planned cross-examination was held in order to give a review to all rules and regulations levied by GATT. Hence, the growth of international trade has been accelerated due lead taken by increased number of nations. In year 1993, some modifications were made in the rules and regulations which had been assigned to the existing signatory bodies. Perhaps same rules were to be followed with the same agreements as it was the high time but some changes lead to the higher side of foreign trade. The important benefit obtained from the act of Uruguay Round lead to the foundation of World Trade Organization. On 1st, January 1995, the term WTO came into existence in continuation with the GATT framework[8]. For all the countries agreement is not necessary, although it is related to the constitutional body of i nternational law and represents the significant picture widely. Around 153 members took part in the foundation of WTO and maximum trade is being measured through this WTO framework. WTO is regarded as the only existing framework which focuses and deals in maintaining the healthy relationship between the co-countries which allow the trade expansion within liberal economy across the world. The co-members of WTO have the full right to arbitrate in the round table as per Article 2, many regulations deal while posing provisions and restrictions for obligation among the internal environment[9].WTO describes various rules and regulations for promotional trade, but it does not represent the real picture as any appropriate meetings and procedures are not followed or have not been considered regarding the fairness of practices and which remains impartial. Because of all this some new areas has been taken into account and proper measures are drafted to make them as an economical advantage among labour and the environment because of different trading agreements. WTO works on the larger framework whereas the agreements are balanced when it considers the total number of states. Few assumptions are being framed while dealing with the developing countries. WTO’s basic principle is to see the limitation of rules and regulations which are open to the members, although a very limited discussion on trade barriers and proper procedures are followed to resolve the disputes between the trading countr ies. WTO Regulatory Framework The legal framework of WTO is to see the proper execution of fair trade practices and the extent up to which the rules and regulations should be taken into consideration while doing trade with different countries. The problem faced lies with the implementation of various rules and regulations, how to resolve the disputes among different traders and making decisions for the organization[10]. Under the Article 4.1 of the WTO agreement, the Conference among the ministry is the highest authority of WTO. The conference details the voluntary decision making all the members of WTO confined to the legislative body. The meeting of the Ministerial Conference must be done in every two years. These meetings explain the wide range of political interactions of the Conference held for through discussions and decisions. It is not necessary that the Ministerial conference actually needs to deliver the proper influence over the obligatory feat over the WTO members. In contrary the General council calls for the general meet with all itsMemberState’s ambassadors apparently once in every subsequent month inGeneva, this meeting is done related to the economic condition in order to get investigated and possible amendments could be made on the decisions making. Its main objective is to frame and analyze the policies related to national trade and in order to run other authorities in the WTO such as the secretariat. Every member of the WTO was specified to participate in disputes settlements panels, committees exempting from the Appellate body, councils and Textiles Monitoring Body. The administrative and technical support was provided by the Secretariat among both the WTO and developing countries which were laid on different trade policies, resolutions of trade and advice of the governments. To keep checks on the rules and regulation, the country’s voting system plays a very crucial role as each country can just vote one time, though it does not matter because they are not taken into account. Dispute Settlement The global economy prefers to do trade with the neighboring countries, reason being the low tariffs, and thus helping in creating and maintaining healthy environment and relation as transport costs also lowers down. Proper calculations and approximations are made in order to formulate and regulate proper agreement among the countries. As new trade theory opens the gate for the scale of economies giving rise to larger number of agreements and thus to more trading segments which can become more efficient towards exports and imports. Various agreements of Uruguay Round gave a helping hand in providing a clear picture of WTO framework towards planned rules and regulations.   A proper framework to settle disputes was confined by WTO[11]. The dispute settlement is an integral system in the WTO, Which applies to all multilateral agreements with single set of all disputes but some specific rules in some cases. The following bodies play an important role in the WTO: Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) Panel and Appellate Body Parties: WTO Members WTO Secretariat   Dispute Settlement in the WTO: Relationship of players Source: Dispute Settlement in the WTO, www.wto.org/english/tratop_e//intro_wto_disput_settle.ppt As the disputes arising between the trading countries, the regulations of the trade control the fluctuations affects, now a days the WTO dispute settlement as the most dynamic international adjudicative process in the worlds due to the previous experience of the Considered WTO director-general. Hence it was found that â€Å"aggressive unilateralism† of economically powerful nations have been replaced by mechanism of multilateral rules and remedies backed by WTO. Because of the separation of many members from the system, the transparency of WTO guideline fails to fulfill the decisions making process. As an example, certain conferences have not been attended by some of the delegates among the Seattleconference[12]. Thereafter, The Doha conference came into existence whose main objective was to focus on the individual people, thus showing a real picture to the framework. The main drawback is due to improper time management and negotiation done with the different rounds of conference. The difficulties arise due to the unclear language used in the various agreements of analyzing the treaties[13]. The increasing number of nation towards MFN treaty is more important aspect of the decision, from which other nation will get benefited and consequently banned discrimination state would be followed by WTO. The rate remains the same for all the other bodies no matter if any member provides some benefit at lower cost or lower custom duty; hence no discrimination is being followed. MFN also concerns about the GATT (article2) and Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) (article4) 11. The main thing which is considered while selecting the method is that the method or the art icle must contain all the important aspects of WTO. National treatment The members of the different states could not be fully understood the actual relationship between the foreign products and services. The third article of GATT is being referred for the proper limelight of actual market principles of WTO. Thereafter proper proportion should be maintained between the regional and international products and services as per Article 17 of GATT and the TRIPS provisions. Making differentiation may very easy for the WTO regarding its local and overseas products. National treatment firmly applies to the foreign goods, services or piece of logical property has already accessed the local market. It fails to achieve its main objective of finding out the proper and exact proportion of conflicts between the developed and developing countries. National treatment policy very easily accepts the changed proper tariffs for the neighboring products but thereafter if the product has been found radically they lose the position of being charged as an correspondent tax notions. For example the situation can be best put up into matter of fact that treatment can be found in Japan-Alcohol which can best explain:   in order to get proper protection the national treatment is generally prohibited while using internal taxes and other internal treatment obligations. Article I of GATT and WTO owns a very significant role and have been described as â€Å"a keystone of the GATT and one of the main and important pillar of WTO trading system†. Though it is main ly accepted that WTO has been more successful in comparison to GATT for promoting the fairness and equality in the trading system as organization keeps a regular check on the liabilities possessed by its members. WTO is referred to as a free trade institution which generally accepts tariffs and occasionally forms or follows different forms of protection[14]. Thus it s a open system of desired rules and regulations where there is truthful and fair competition. The rules governed to the Non-inequity-national treatment and MFN is centralized and can be opposed critically by the environment, human right action and medical. The international trade regime contains the factors that are so designed as to prevent the intervention in support of domestic stability.   Generally basic concept and objective of the national treatment is to increase the fair competition between the members in terms of goods, intellectual property, agriculture, services and this has given a right to the government of breaching the trade agreements. The fairness and equality between the international trade has been threatened in many occasions in many ways but WTO proved successful in solving the matters and bringing out fai rness and equality by using utilizing case laws.   Anti-dumping agreements and relevant case laws are explained so that one can think of rules and regulations to be followed in the trade agreement. WTO and the developing countries The WTO membership consists of developing countries which formed the main framework and resulted in better trade flow of foreign products and services after the GATT. This was because the involvement of emerging countries increased immensely. The involvement of more developing countries roots WTO’s stem from classified system tailored by the World Bank on the basis of per capita income of the country. Since WTO does not contain any proper definition of developing countries, the term was defined in either economic or other measures[15]. These developing countries in the WTO framework had a disadvantage of lack of human and technical resources. WTO considered these countries to be weaker in keeping up proximity with the rapidity in meetings held in Geneva on the weekly basis. Thus developing countries under the framework rarely entered into the discussions as they were less prepared than the industrialized countries. Due to this, a decision making bloc was selected to make decis ions on behalf of all members for US, EU, Canada and Japan. Therefore in spite of single vote structure for the WTO it was helpless to allege the decisions. The WTO is responsible for the promoting fair and equitable trade as an international organization. WTO in Seattle conference was accused to be the supporter of globalization because of favoring interest of developed countries and negative effects on developing countries[16]. There was a disagreement between the developing and developed countries regarding the agricultural subsidies given by the governments of developed countries. One must clarify that , most least developed and developing country’s economy depends on the tariffs on foreign products and services. Since WTO focuses on reducing the tariffs on foreign goods and services under the principle of MFN the biggest disadvantage which developing countries faces being under WTO will be risk faced in terms of their budget and public payment responsibilities. As the gathering of most powerful countries under the WTO as well increase in the demand of the national treatment by the WTO, developing countries will be affected negatively and its local market and agriculture will be confronted by the tough competition. In year 2003 many developing countries rejected the EU proposal which focused on lowering the commitment of is agricultural subsidies. This gave the developed countries a greater access over the developing countries markets[17]. The WTO lies on the fact that even after the collapse of Doha round, WTO didn’t stopped performing its functions discussed under the past rounds, continued to manage and hold a stable position, even though it lacked some regulations in developing countries. The existing agreement detailed the planned set of rules and regulations for trading among important players includingEU,USA, Japan, China andIndiaas prevailing power. The WTO possessed a challenged against Doha deal as they undertook separate free trade agreements among themselves thus attracting the new acquisitions and working with the new countries like Russia and Vietnam, which worked very hard   and did all possible efforts to be the part of the organization. The new policies were implemented taking into the consideration that the disputes are been settled and criticism is being hold n frequent basis.   Solving the disparity among the member states provided the real benefit of no risk element. As some important skills will be expected in next couple of year therefore the role of the Director General of WTO has to be re-evaluated for the future concern. In order to make a regulatory body WTO will be looking forward to leadership acknowledgement while addressing philosophical measures related to the impacts of the trade policy towards the employment which WTO’s most members are with. In this modern world today the developing countries which are the members with the WTO faces more problems in terms of employment. They offer very less jobs in agricultural and manufacturing sector. The relationship between economic growth and employment during the short span of time in dynamic economies like inChinahas been denied by the Asian development Bank and UNDP study. Thus the main problem faced by the members of the WTO is due to the trade affecting the jobs basically entitled to it. Providing employment can be placed as an important aspect with the new rising needs formulating a proper procedure to show some efforts in significant manner. Few adjustments are planned to be made to keep stress of job segment liberalized and flexible. The adjustments are posed to be flexible and wide executions are sequential as the present economy and trading system tends to change dramatically over the last few rounds of trade negotiations constituted in year 1994 summit. The under developed and poor countries are making various efforts to gear up their spirits in order to overcome lost grounds in past few years in trade. So in nutshell it can be seen and framed out that many countries are gearing up the working on employment and other various possible factors for creating a environment beneficial for trade[18]. Conclusion All the above mentioned information attempted to explain that how fair trade system is embodied in the WTO/GATT is to be taken care of and understood clearly. Both GATT and WTO got the benefited of international trade by framing and following various rules and regulations of trade. Different trade barriers and negotiation on tariffs were very seriously planned keeping in to the mind the rules and regulations of the trade. Since WTO came into existence first, it afforded the opportunity of gathering members and discussing the trade opportunities available, discussed issues and provided protection to their markets from unfair trade practices and anti-competition. Free of cost trading tends to be beneficial and free trade movement will be a helping hand towards the welfare of the organization. In order to save the free trading and free trade movement the GATT/WTO established some agreements (like anti-dumping agreement) which contained the rules to protect the Member’s economies, introduced some principles like MFN and national treatment. These organizations removed the key developmental tool for developing countries. The developing countries which do not joined the WTO was negatively affected. The only solution which was left with the developing countries was to organize their interest to achieve their objectives. The Doha development round clearly showed the way of fairness of focusing particularly on t he central issues of market access and thus ensuring all the members participation in the decision makes process. The WTO helps in facing the unnecessary competition present in the members of the states. Delays in holding panels and increased management cost gave rise to more disputes among the members and breaches of WTO obligations. To settle these disputed developed and developing countries experienced proper disputer settling process.   It has been initially made for the WTO to overcome the regulations speeded all over the equity between member States to boost world trade. By providing legal assistant to the developing countries, a fair trade can be considered best with the difference between developed and developing countries. The relevant aspect which is supported by the trade agreement is of competitive liberalization with the consent of moving toward free trade on the three levels that is multilateral, bilateral and regional. The reason for the improper regulation of obligations among the members may be due to the lack of decision making power. The conflict between household rules and its necessities was the major criticism faced by WTO. The identical apprehension applies to cut-throat liberalization. The general concept of liberalization is based in the concept of discriminatory view of RTAs. To develop good healthy competition among different levels having full benefit for well-off countries, a good competitive liberalization is must. Competitive liberalization in actual is regarded as political rather than economical. The increasing operational trade barrier between groups of members has been removed by mutual agreement between the groups of countries. The members of the WTO predicted the need of RTAs after dealing withDoharound to be in harmony with the multilateral process in order to promote trade integration and facilitate the transactions between the nations. Thus ministers decided to launch a negotiation to address this subject of trade integration, in respect of RTAs systematic and legal aspect. The WTO reformed RTAs to be transparent ad fully regulated under its rules. For the regional trade agreement a Draft Decision on a transparency Mechanism was advanced in year 2006 but the conclusions are awaited from the Doha Round. A successful Conclusion by theDoharound will be expected to improve the CRTA and increase the WTO oversight of RTAs. The failure cost in the DDA will be substantial, as the trading system. The main analysis of the papers reveals the proper understanding of the rules and regulations mentioned therein.   In respect of culture, there should be proper regulatory bodies to face multilateral negotiations, uncertain and unpredictable future, and the failure of Doha Round. The set up set by the multilateral trade system was a great achievement that advanced a framework for the WTO/GATT international trading. However, the conflicts of member’s interests, RTAs have become the only remedy, where nations can seek to apply their views via direct negotiations. Ultimately the success depends on the success of Doha Round. The developing countries are not able to achieve their objectives in the framework of RTAs and bilateral deals as in few situations local business is put to set aside from the competition under competitive liberalization. Finally it has been analyzed that the rules set under the RTAs were proper but the regulation was on weaker side. The RTAs and WTO relationship has been controversial and much disputed as a matter of lack of regulation among the fair trade practices. Taking into consideration the proper valuation of the goods the amount of duties paid should also be counted. So in nutshell it can be pointed out that few goods do not have any problem during calculation of export duties or quota management, nor does it creates problem for the valuation of goods for internal taxation or foreign control. Hence WTO looks out for more beneficial acquisitions to promote unfair and equitable foreign trade practices. References 10 Benefits of WTO Trading System (2008): WTO, ISBN 978-92-870-3436-6 available at www.wto.org Alan Matthews (2003), â€Å"Agriculture After Cancà ºn†, Trinity Economic Paper No. 17, 2003. Amrita Narlikar (2006), â€Å"Fairness in International Trade Negotiations: Developing Countries in the GATT and WTO†, The World Economy, Volume 29,  Issue 8,  pages 1005–1029,  August 2006. Andrew D. Mitchell (2006), â€Å"Fair Crack of the Whip: Examining Procedural Fairness in WTO Disputes Using an Australian Administrative Law Framework†, U of Melbourne Legal Studies Research Paper No. 232, available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=987758 Anne McGuir (2002), â€Å"The Doha Development Agenda†, Finance Development (IMF), September 2002, Volume 39, Number 3. Bhagwati J, Hugh T. Patrick (1990), â€Å"Aggressive unilateralism: Americas 301 trade policy and the world trading system†, University of Michigan Press, pp. xii + 268 Bhagwati and Krishna (1999), â€Å"Trading Blocs: Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Preferential Trade Agreements†, MIT Press. Brian Jones J. (2010),â€Å"The role of World Trade Organization† available at http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Role-of-World-Trade-Organization-(WTO)id=3591171. Folsom R. (2008), â€Å"Bilateral Free Trade Agreements: A Critical Assessment and WTO Regulatory Reform† , School of Law , San Diego Research Paper No. 08-070 2008. Hoekman B Holmes P (199), â€Å"Competition Policy, Developing Countries and the WTO†, FEEM Working Paper No. 66-99. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=200621 or doi:10.2139/ssrn.200621 Matsushita M at el. (2006),â€Å"The World Trade Organization Law, Practice and policy†, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition. Mr. Carlos Carnero Gonzlez (European Parliament) (2008), â€Å"LOOKING BEYOND DOHA† , ANNUAL 2008 SESSION OF THE PARLIAMENTARY CONFERENCE ON THE WTO, Geneva, 11-12 September 2008. Overview of the WTO: DTIs Website for Europe World Trade; The National Archives. Peter V. D Bossche, Denise Prà ©vost Marià «lle Matthee (2005/06), â€Å"WTO Rules on Technical Barriers to Trade† ; available at worldtradelaw.net/articles/vandenbosschetbt.pdf. Ross Korves (2005), â€Å"Regional Trade Agreements Are Discriminatory, And That’s Good†, available at truthabouttrade.org/index2.php?option=com_contentdo_pdf=1id=855 Sandra Polaski (2006), â€Å"The Future of the WTO, Trade, Equity, and Development Project†, Policy Outlook 2006 Robert E. Hudec (1987), â€Å"Developing Countries in the GATT/WTO Legal System† TRADE POLICY RESEARCH CENTRE, ISBN 0-566-05697-6. Ten Years of WTO Dispute Settlement: Australian Perspectives (2006), Commonwealth of Australia, ISBN: 1 921244 08 9, available at www.dfat.gov.au/trade/negotiations/wto_disputes.html. Tobi Indyke (2009), â€Å"Fair Trade or Free Trade†; available at http://ezinearticles.com/?Fair-Trade-Or-Free-Trade?id=2886317. [1]Benefits of WTO Trading System (2008) wto.org/english/res_e/doload_e/10b_e.pdf [2] Brian Jones Jr. (2010), The role of World Trade Organization, http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Role-of-World-Trade-Organization-(WTO)id=3591171 [3]Tobi Indyk,. Fair Trade Or Free Trade; http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Tobi_Indyke. [4] Agricultural Issues Centre vol. 17, No. 2 (2003), http://aic.ucdavis.edu/pub/quarter/q17.2.03.pdf [5] Bhagwati Krishna (1999), Trading Blocs: Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Preferential Trade Agreements, MIT Press [6] Matsushita M, Schoenbaum T, Mavroidis P (2006), The World Trade Organization Law, Practice and policy, Oxford University Press, 2nd Edition. [7] The Uruguay Round, WTO;   wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/fact5_e.htm [8] Peter Van den Bossche, Denise Prà ©vost Marià «lleMatthee (2005/06), ‘WTO Rules on Technical Barriers to Trade’worldtradelaw.net/articles/vandenbosschetbt.pdf. [9] Overview of the WTO: DTIs Website for Europe World Trade; The National Archives. [10] Ten Years of WTO Dispute Settlement: Australian Perspectives (2006), Commonwealth ofAustralia [11] Bhagwati J, Krishna P (1999), Trading Blocs: Alternative Approaches to Analyzing Preferential Trade Agreements, MIT(Press) [12] Bhagwati J, Hugh T. Patrick (1990), Aggressive unilateralism: Americas 301 trade policy and the world trading system, University of Michigan Press, pp. xii + 268 [13] Brown, Andrew and Stern, Robert M. (2005), Achieving Fairness in the Doha Development Round,, Global Economy Journal: Vol. 5: Issue. 4. [14] Folsom R. (2008), Bilateral Free Trade Agreements: A Critical Assessment and WTO Regulatory Reform, School of Law , San Diego Research Paper No. 08-070 2008. [15] Mr. Carlos Carnero Gonzlez (European Parliament) (2008): LOOKING BEYOND DOHA, ANNUAL 2008 SESSION OF THE PARLIAMENTARY CONFERENCE ON THE WTO, Geneva, 11-12 September 2008 [16]Ross Korves (2005), Regional Trade Agreements Are Discriminatory, And That’s Good, truthabouttrade.org/index2.php?option=com_contentdo_pdf=1id=855 [17] Alan Matthews (2003), Agriculture After Cancà ºn, Trinity Economic Paper No. 17, 2003 [18] Sandra Polaski, the Future of the WTO, Trade, Equity, and Development Project, Policy outlook 2006.

What You Need to Know to Succeed in the Retail Industry

What You Need to Know to Succeed in the Retail Industry Retail can be an excellent job for anyone- especially college-aged or retired people who need or want the flexibility and human interaction. It used to be fairly easy to just show up and get hired. Nowadays, it’s becoming a competitive field in its own right. Here are a few things to know to succeed in landing yourself a retail career.1. Performance MattersYou’re not simply there to help customers when they need it. You’re also there to perform well across a variety of metrics. Make sure you know what these are for your job and that you are meeting them. Otherwise, you will be let go.2. Customers are the Reason You Have a JobEveryone you speak to is your customer. And you should treat them with respect- each one is precious to your company, which can’t afford to lose any customers at all. If you get a totally unreasonable person, get management involved instead of getting snippy.3. Don’t ComplainNeither customers nor bosses (nor coworkers, for that matter) appreciate a Negative Nelly. Don’t gossip, don’t complain, don’t gripe about your hours. And never bad-mouth your company in anybody’s earshot. Be a positive force and get respect.4. Be FlexibleBeing a team player is important. Be willing to help your teammates get their work done, and to swap shifts with a desperate coworker in occasion.5. Respect the RulesTry not to cut corners. Respect your company’s policies. Don’t try to make new rules for yourself. Stick to what you’re told and be trusted to follow it to the letter.6. Take InitiativeSelf-motivation is important, as is the ability to take delegated tasks and do them without issue, promptly, and well. If you go above and beyond, as a rule, everyone will notice. And you’ll likely get ahead.7. Be ProfessionalRetail may seem like a more casual industry than others, but professionalism is no less important. Follow standard business etiquette at all times. Be courteous a nd polite and make a good first impression at every turn.8. Keep in Mind: There is a FutureRetail may just seem like a stop-gap job, but there are ample opportunities for growth if you keep your eyes open and continue striving.9. The Hours Can be ToughKeep in mind you’ll be working a lot of evenings and weekends. These are very busy times for most retailers and you’ll likely have to work some of these times. Some work environments will be slow, others will be rapid-paced and rapid-fire. Make sure you know which you’re most suited for before accepting any jobs.10. Confidence is KeyYou might not realize how important it is to engage with every customer, but it is crucial. Patience, empathy, respect, and positivity are also important. Greet every customer afresh, with a smile and a willingness to help, and you’ll do fine.

In Edith Wharton stories souls belated and Autre Temps Essay

In Edith Wharton stories souls belated and Autre Temps - Essay Example However Edith Wharton in her short stories ‘Soul Belated’ and ‘Auster Temps’ tries to rectify the situation and struggles to present an independent woman who is able to decide for herself and has the tendency and courage to strife for her freedom and happiness. Although the readers get a totally opposite impression as they observe the women protagonists trying to struggle in the pursuit of happiness yet they find themselves failing tremendously. Both the stories project two divorced women and the problems and insecurities they face because of the treatment to which society had subjected them to before and after their divorce. Mrs. Lidcote in Auster Temps’ deal with her insecurities regarding her daughter’s future and the disappointments she faces when she realizes that even after twenty years the society still shuns her. On the other Lydia in Soul Belated is observed to be trying to run away from the shackles of marriage again as she relishes h er new found freedom after her separation from her husband and the eminent divorce in the near future. In Mrs. Lidcote case the readers observe that the woman’s decision to return to states after twenty years to meet her daughter and try to face the cruel society matrons again is a proof of her courage and determination to deal with any sort of unpleasant conduct of the society for her daughter’s sake. However in her particular situation it is observed that she is a victim of society’s prejudices and such a harsh behavior not only effects her emotionally but also takes its toll on her relationship with her daughter and Franklin Ide which becomes quite strained as both the characters in their efforts to protect her from any sort of harm implicitly imply that she is still not accepted by the society matrons. Hence she feels as if she is alone in this world and her desolate state is not because of lack of inner strength to defy the strictures of society and live in dependently but because of the prejudices and impartiality of the society However Lydia from the beginning of the story is depicted in a manner that gives her an aura of vulnerability and projects her as an indecisive young woman as this is clearly apparent from her attempt to avoid discussing the divorce letter. Her attempt to escape from a major confrontation is symbolic of her lack of courage. Subsequently as the story unfolds for her the best solution to every trouble is to try to run away from it as also observed towards the end she again tries to turn her back and run away from Gannett’s offer of marriage. Though she is scared for her image in front of Lady Susan and the rest of her party but she does not makes any attempt to accept her reality and face them like Mrs. Lidcote. Instead she decides to cut herself free from Gannett. Then again in the end it is observed that she succumbs to marry Gannett and this particular action is a testimony against her lack of courage because even when she convinces herself to board the boat at the last moment she runs back because may be she is the conventional sort of the woman who accepts that her existence in this world without a man and a legitimate relationship is near to impossible. So she realizes that rather than fighting fate it is better to give in and face life as it comes rather than anticipating disappointments without taking the plunge. Hence it is observed th

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Marketing - Essay Example Before product development, one needs to analyse the demand of that product in context of its supply, or needs to create a demand by creating marketing niche. Creation of a new marketing niche can be done through the creation of a brand. This means to create demand hype by convincing potential customers for buying and using that product, irrespective of its necessity. This is very common for luxurious goods and services. 2. Price It is the material amount that is paid by the customer for a product. According to Jed C. Jones ‘The price of any product has a direct impact on the marketability of that product. Pricing for offerings that are more commonly available in the market is more elastic, meaning that unit sales will go up or down more responsively in reply to price changes. By contrast, those products that have a generally more limited availability in the market (but with strong demand) are more inelastic, meaning that price changes will not affect their unit sales very much.’ (Jones, 2007) 3. Place It is one of the most important elements of marketing mix. It is the location from where a customer can purchase or obtain the product. It consist of various channels of distribution like retail or wholesale stores, outlets, promotional stalls, home delivery services, internet stores, online shopping cart facility, mail order and website order booking. 4. Promotion Product promotional activities serve as the directional factor for achieving marketing objective. They include marketing campaigns, promotional introductory trials, event sponsorships and incentives in form of special offers, discounts, gift and advertisements. Other promotional activities include recommendations, referrals, endorsements and promotion by using good will of the company. 5. People This element of extended marketing mix comprises of people involved in each and every step of product life cycle. The management of an organization plays a key role in development of this element. They collectively constitute the culture of an organization. People also are the target audience and market segment of a particular product. 6. Process This is primarily related to the organization which is providing any sort of service as its product. Secondarily, the production process, sales, after-sales and customer relationship management of a manufacturing concern forms the proces s. 7. Physical Evidence This element of extended marketing mix deals with the physical environmental evidences. Gaurav Garg explains it as: ’the importance of quality physical layout is important in a range of service providers, including: Students going to college or university have far higher expectations about the quality of their accommodation and learning environment than in the past. As a result colleges and

System Modeling & Requirement Analysis Essay Example for Free

System Modeling Requirement Analysis Essay a)Discuss the strengths and the limitation of the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC). Systems development life cycle or software development life cycle is a conceptual model. The systems development life cycle describes the stages in an information system development project (Marios Alexandrou 2011, para.1) which from begin till the end and maintenance of system. The objectives of traditional systems development life cycle are to ensure end-state solutions meet user requirement in support of business strategies goals (FrankKlucznik 2006, para.1) and provides detailed guides of all aspect of system development or scope to managers. Commonly, the traditional systems development life cycle has 5 phases. First phase is planning which identify and analysis what to do. Second is analysis, analyse the requirement of system. Third is design the usability, detail and architectural of system. Next is implementation or programming through software testing and testing code. The last is support to maintain the system. Strengths The traditional systems development life cycle is familiar and easy model to develop a system. This is because the most of designers and programmers familiar with traditional systems development life cycle. Besides that, many people understand and easy to learn the approach of traditional systems development life cycle which the steps are clearly outlined (Tayntor Christine B 2007). The traditional systems development life cycle is a systematic approach, so the software or system is created or a well planned pattern (Greekinterview 2008). Using traditional systems development life cycle approach in development of system will organise and manage the task for the system clearly and organised. The traditional systems development life cycle that emphasises on project control creates formal documentation. The formal documentation ensures the system requirement can be traced back to state business. The formal documentation also records the phases of traditional systems development life cycle, then the managers can used to maximise management control and used as references for next creation of system. During the traditional systems development life cycle, it creates many intermediate products during the phases of systems development. These intermediate products will be reviewed by both managers and users. The intermediate products tested by users or customers to check whether the system meets their requirements. The traditional systems development life cycle was useful for building large and complex system. The large and complex system requires a lot of plan and traditional systems development life cycle approach can solve these problems. The traditional systems development life cycle approach was highly structure and well-defined. Therefore, the system can be planned properly by using traditional systems development life cycle approach. Limitation However, the traditional systems development life cycle is a time consuming approach. Since the traditional systems development life cycle at least has 5 phases to create a system. Each phase requires a few days till some months to complete it. So it takes a few months or years to create system when run these phases for creation of system. In addition, it takes time to create documentation which need record the process of each phase. The traditional systems development life cycle is a costly or expensive approach for system development. Each phase of the approach requires a lot of money. The costs that used in each phase are the error of the process, cost for process and cost for experts that run the phase of the approach. Documentation in traditional systems development life cycle is costly to create because it needs to create in each phase and maintain the documentation. The traditional systems development life cycle may create generation of unnecessary document (Tayntor Christine B 2007). It will happen when people followed the process of each phase slavishly. These mostly happen to the inexperienced managers and staff that believe that all the processes are required to be documentation. The traditional systems development life cycle is an inflexible approach to develop a system where it hard and lack of responds to change of system development. Cutter (2000) states the traditional system development life cycle is full-short in the new e-business environment. They (traditional systems development life cycle) are unable to keep up with fast-paced ever-changing e-business project. Therefore these approach cannot use for easy creep scope of system development. The other limitation in traditional systems life cycle is the customer or user is involved only periodically (Tayntor Christine B 2007) in phase of the system development. The traditional systems development life cycle was mainly participant in the developing system while the users or customers only test the product at the end and less chances to give feedback for the system development. This may lead misunderstanding between designers, programmers, managers and customers about the requirements and functions of the system to be made.

Tech Prep :: Education School Careers Essays

Tech Prep Tech prep has become more widely accepted by educators and the business community as real changes have been made in curriculum, courses, and programs. However, the jury is still outabout whether the anticipated student, school, and community outcomes are being realized. This essay examines the extent to which tech prep is succeeding as a unique effort, living up to the claims that have been made for it. Over the years, educators have been challenged by a number of federal, state, and local initiativesthat profess to result in better educational outcomes for students. Highly marketed at their inception, many of the initiatives ultimately fade into obscurity, some absorbed as part of otherprograms. Examinations of tech prep and its relationship to school-to-work initiatives point to thedistinctions that make each of the two programs unique and highlight the characteristics that makethem similar. Program focus is the most distinguishing feature that differentiates tech prep from school to work.Tech preps focus is primarily on school-based learning, whereas school-to-work programs alsoinclude work-based learning and linkages between the two. The distinction is less clear when thecore elements required for tech prep vary among tech prep consortia, as they are reported to do(Owens 1996). For example, when tech prep adds elements that include work-based and careerguidance components, it becomes similar to school-to-work, which may explain why someeducators are seeing little or no difference between the two. Of the 100 persons surveyed at the1996 American Vocational Association Convention, however, only 15 percent saw tech prep andschool-to-work as being exactly the same (Bragg 1996). Most of the surveyed tech prep consortia did not see the two efforts as synonymous, but perceived tech prep as a component of school to work: 35% of the respondents considered techprep to be the foundation for school to work; 50% considered tech prep to be under the school-to-work umbrella (ibid). However, for funding as well as program issues, most local techprep coordinators believe that tech prep should retain its unique identity to ensure that thebenefits of its processes and procedures are not lost or duplicated by school-to-work (Bragg et al.1997). Survey responses from 42 of 50 state directors of vocational-technical education showedagreement with the view that tech prep is one option within school to work and that its identityneeds to remin strong (Dykman 1995). Imprecision in defining the two reforms can create confusion and frustration among allstakeholders. At one of the five field sites studied during the 1996-1997 academic year, forexample, tech prep was "viewed as a premier approach to STW for more academically talentedstudents, incorporating both school-based and work-based components.

The Black Walnut Tree

Dana Doherty â€Å"The Black Walnut written by Mary Oliver, concerns the narrator's and her mother's struggle to decide whether they will have a tree on their property cut down. If they decide to have the black walnut tree removed and sell it for lumber, they will be able to pay off their home's mortgage; however, if they remain faithful to the tree and their heritage, they risk the tree collapsing onto their home resulting in its destruction.The start of the poem introduces the debate outright. However, as the speaker of the piece, or the author herself, makes her case it seems rather one sided, all arguments are in favor of cutting down the tree. The tone is literal, all making reference to the physical damages that could be caused if the tree remains. The author uses diction to convey this tone using words such as â€Å"likely† and â€Å"navy's† which add not only a casual and conversational element to the piece, but also one Of doubt.The poem shifts as the speaker describes â€Å"but something brighter than money moves in our blood- an edge sharp and quick as a trowel. † Here is where Oliver begins to employ figurative language as this â€Å"something† is making reference to the symbolic meaning behind the tree. As the poem mutinous the narrator makes reference to dreams of her father and her and of her mother's willingness to crawl with shame in their â€Å"father's backyard. Harvesting from the tree, as suggested by the piece, is a way of connecting with the agricultural ways of their forefathers. The tree is their connection to the past and the debate is not so much over the mere life of a tree, but between living comfortably and sticking to their roots. The end of the poem speaks about the tree as it continues to remain in the yard. The author describes the way her mother and her would â€Å"crawl in shame at the emptiness we'd made. † if they were to sell the tree.As the poem comes to a close the author writes †Å"so the black walnut tree swings through another year of sun and leaping winds, of leaves and bounding fruit. † This passing of time is representative of the joys and sorrows, the rise and falls of a life. They live with the presence of the tree, a life where they live in a way that remains close to their roots and their family. However, the closing words of the piece make references to the tree and the way it continues to endure the â€Å"cracking whip of the mortgage† suggesting that the struggle continues on.

Describe the Policies and Procedures of the Setting Essay

It is important that this policy is constantly being applied to ensure full safety of the pupils, this is why all staff MUST be familiar with this policy. Within this the school also has home school agreements for each year group which set out the Code of conduct/Golden Rules. Is a set of rules/guidelines for the pupils so they understand how they should behave and what is expected of them. It is important that the children are reminded of the code of conduct so that it becomes their routine and they fully understand it. It is essential that positive behaviour is always promoted, praised and used as children notice when adult’s behaviour is out of character, if positive and professional behaviour is continually used it is more likely that the pupils will also behave in that way. The golden rules are a focus around the school and are visibly displayed for all to see within the classrooms and the school hall. The children learn about these golden rules from the day they start at Springdale and it becomes a big part of Springdale life. Rewards and sanctions Although good behaviour is encouraged in schools, children will still behave inappropriate at times. Consequences for bad behaviour in my placement school can take many forms. †¢ Move from the sunshine to the black cloud. †¢ Miss time out from golden time, break or lunch play. †¢ Be sent to the head of year/deputy head †¢ Be sent to the head teacher and a meeting arranged with parents. Rewards for good behaviour can include the following. †¢ Full golden time awarded Raffle tickets gained/stickers †¢ Star of the day †¢ Extra time to choose activities †¢ Certificates in assembly Springdale Golden Award All staff can given certain rewards/sanctions however some may be given by a certain member of staff for example, if you do some good work in class then your teacher will put you forward for a Golden award which you get from the Headteacher in assembly. The child gets a certificate and a sticker infront of their peers. Dealing with conflict and inappropriate behaviour The schools policy for behaviour will give information on how you should manage more difficult behaviour as a teacher or TA. It is also important that pupils understand the behaviour policy of the school so that they have a clear idea of how bad behaviour will be dealt with if they choose to go against school rule or behave in an inappropriate manner. Anti-bullying My placement school has a separate anti-bullying policy but bullying is also built in to the behaviour policy for the whole school. It covers all forms of bullying including cyber bullying. Anti bullying is promoted for all pupils within the SEAL project, the golden rules and the home school agreements. Attendance My schools attendance policy sets out how the school manages issues around attendance. Attendance has to be monitored carefully to ensure there are no unauthorised absences or long spells of unexplained absences. Both children and parents have a responsibility to ensure they attend school and this policy will explain what will happen if the policy is not followed.

Exploring the Academic Credibility of Investigative Journalism

Exploring the Academic Credibility of Investigative Journalism Figure out what an investigative journalism is and how it is connected with the academic credibility. Hashtag: #SwissLeaks World of Superficiality Journalism in its original form is a separate world and far removed from academic sphere. The reason is that superficial thought and research are contradictory attributes of a scholarly article that by nature are systematic, in-depth, and well-structured pieces of writing. An academic complaint article is normally coherent, discusses all sides of the issue, makes use of scientifically acquired facts, properly acknowledged its sources, peer-reviewed, written and presented in technical language for informed readers. In contrast, popular journalistic publications such as newspapers, magazines, and others are mostly for the lay audience, thus informal, skimmed, and speculative. They are sometimes sketchy and one-sided, no author, and lack the credibility of scholarly works. However, the form of journalism responsible for #SwissLeaks or expose of secret billion Swiss bank accounts allegedly owned by HSBC clients seems unusual and more academic in nature than traditional journalism. The reporters that divulged secret bank accounts of known personalities (some may be facing tax invasion charges afterward) are practitioners of Investigative Journalism, an academic compliant form of journalism. This is the same form of journalism (best known as â€Å"Watchdog† journalism) responsible for unmasking corruptions, abuse of power, environmental and health scandals, and publishing of well-researched and written news articles in recent years. Academic Intellectual in Politics Academic Credibility of Investigative Journalism The definition of Investigative Journalism varies from author to author but it is commonly about a journalist’s own initiative to look into the significance of the issue, conduct a comprehensive and exhaustive research, make detailed information public, and inspire reform. Creating an outline of Investigative Journalism features found in literature would give us a form of journalistic undertaking that is truth-seeking, objective, systematic, in-depth, facts and evidence oriented, and consistent. Similarly, a careful analysis of academic research requirements will give us an idea that a certain result of a certain research must add value to existing knowledge. This new knowledge must be acquired through scientific methodologies, ethical, analytical, synthesized, and presented in succinct style and appropriate terminology. In other words, academic research is an objective, systematic, in-depth, and original piece of writing. Given that Investigative Journalism reports or articles are objective in its quest for truth, systematically and thoroughly researched, structured and presented with supporting facts and evidence, then they must be compliant to the  academic standard. The problem, however, is the fact that their method of data gathering will not pass academic ethical scrutiny. Certainly, scientific data gathering in academic sphere is never about #SwissLeaks or systematically stealing data from anyone. In fact, an academic research is about consent and confidentiality. It should be reactive to the welfare of data sources. There is no doubt that investigative journalists and academic intellectuals both seek after the truth. In fact, they are both systematic and support their claims with facts. However, they strangely vary in their values and ethical practices. For instance, although generating and promoting new knowledge is critical, the academic sphere gives more weight to the transparency and integrity of the research process. It is rational but passionate and sensitive to partiality, exploitation, and morality of its quest for truth.

How to Write a Research Paper Example

How to Write a Research Paper Example If you have ever come across the quote of Gene Fowler on writing, you would discover that writing is indeed serious business. However, there are some things about writing that make it actually fun. Some might say that starting to write is the hard part. However, there are some aspects of writing that can actually be painful if you do not go through the right routes. For example, writing a research paper can be extremely painful for someone who doesn’t know how to. However if you can, from the start, improve your technical writing skills, then it would be cake for you. Essentially, the writing of a research paper example lies in the ability for you to accurately report on the findings you have in your laboratory. However, a research paper example should not be mistaken for an ordinary run of the mill lab report, no. This is more concise, and the student has to do a lot for it to actually look like a research paper. For example, a normal lab report consists essentially of nothing more than a couple of rudimental answers to questions that were encountered in the lab. If you would agree, this is hardly helpful, since this is not how it would be in the real world – in your career path, and a research paper example is what you need to give you the beneficial guidelines. Without doubt, you would agree that no other quality of a student is more desired than an effective and admirable writing and communication skill, and it is every student’s duty to work towards these so that the student can excel in any career path in the professional hemisphere. Of course, no employer ever turned down an applicant because ‘he was a good communicator’ which is saying something. Therefore, to build your career and ensure that you are a success, here are a couple of things you should do. This article seeks toe get you acquainted with a couple of resources that would help you, and a research paper example is ideal for such a study. The reason you might want to have a research paper done would be to have people selectively read your work. What is meant by this is: in a given field, some people might be interested in a sole technique amidst others, and this is what they would be on the lookout for in your work. Therefore, if your research paper is based on these qualities alone, then you would be on the right track. This is why some journals require that your research paper be written in such a way that each section begins at the top of a new page on your research paper. Of course, this is not s strict rule, as some journals do not request for thins requirement to be met. For example, some journals have been known to simply call for a combination of your reviews and discussions and your methodology in one mixture. For example again, if you look at the research paper example of the journal called Science, you would discover that they simply eliminate the separate sections and leave only the abstract. However, if you want toe write a journal in the life science field, then you might want to make use of any research paper example in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, as this is usually the format followed by most journals from the field of life sciences. Now, for a brief rundown of the various styles available for the research paper example; if you want your paper to pass the readability test, then there are some requirements it must meet. One of these is the fact that your font size should be twelve in size. Also, you are not permitted to use fancy fonts, abut are allowed to employ the standard fonts, for example times new roman, Geneva, Bookman, Helvetica, and others. Your text would also be required to have a double spacing and the dimension of your paper would be suitable at 8  ½Ã¢â‚¬  with an inch worth of margins. Your pages should be numbered in the order in which they appear, and this means that they should follow, as one, two, three in that order. Like it was mentioned earlier, your sections should have their beginnings in a new page for better cross referencing. Make sure you know the page limits of the journal and stick within this limit. Avoid having the heading of a new topic at the bottom of a pager and then having the subject matter of the heading in the next page. Finally, whatever you do, do not submit your research paper example out of order. Make sure that everything is in an orderly fashion. Also when writing, ensure that your paper proceeds in a normally prosaic manner.

Direct Digital and Database Marketing Coursework

Direct Digital and Database Marketing - Coursework Example Many firms are doing their business in this category. Personal relationships with customers are very important to build satisfaction (Crosby, & Stephens, 1987). Relationship marketing is an old concept but gained a significant place in the field of marketing. The momentum of its development evolves from the development of services marketing with a focus on quality perspective followed by technological advancements. Traditional merchants did not know the concept of relationship marketing. The emergence of this concept was slower until it was observed that customers should be the focal point of the organization, and they must be considered important even after the purchase is done. Today relationship marketing is considered as a prominent practice for marketing and research purpose. The traditional concept of implementing marketing concept is the process of applying the marketing mix (4 P’s). Although it is universally accepted and implemented, still the model is limited and restricted. According to research conducted in Europe in the domain of service marketing, forms the loopholes in the traditional way, and identify a new definition of marketing. According to the study marketing is not something that what customers want from the company, it is creating value for them. It is the establishment and delivering the long-term customer relationship with customers. This market-oriented approach is less towards specialization and more towards management responsibilities (Grà ¶nroos, 1990). The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) is a charity organization for saving lives at sea. RNLI provides a 24-hour lifeboat and rescue service throughout United Kingdom and Ireland. RNLI is committed to saving lives through their valuable safety measure, lifeguards and most importantly lifeboats (RNLI, 2014a). Since its inception in 1824, the institute has saved more than 140,000 lives as the national institution for the preservation. In 1854,

Criminal justice process for a felony criminal charge filed in a state Research Paper

Criminal justice process for a felony criminal charge filed in a state court - Research Paper Example The Consensus model assumes that when individuals gather to form a society, they naturally come to a basic agreement with regard to shared norms and values. Those individuals whose actions deviate from the established norms and values are considered to pose a threat to the well-being of society, and hence, the society passes laws to control and prevent deviant behavior, thereby setting clear-cut boundaries and agreement on what activities to outlaw and punish as crime. According to the Conflict model, there exists different segments within the society separated by social class, wages, age, race, and there is constant struggle with each other for control of society. The resulting effect is that, the victorious groups exercise their power by codifying their value systems into criminal laws, this being determined by the group that happens to be holding power over the others. There are various types of crimes within the society, and their classification depends on the magnitude of the se riousness, ranging from jaywalking to first-degree murder. Criminal behavior can be put into six categories, namely; violent crime (murder, sexual assault), property crime (burglary, larceny, theft, shoplifting and vandalism), public order crime (prostitution, pornography, alcohol, driving under substance influence), white collar crime (business scams, workplace ethics, fraud), organized crime (terrorism), and high tech crime based on computer technology (cyber crime, hacking). Felony describes several serious crimes such as murder, rape, or burglary punishable by a more stringent sentence than that given for a misdemeanor. The crime is punishable in federal law by death or imprisonment for more than one year (Gaines, Miller, 2008). Criminal justice system This contemporary system is the society’s instrument of social control (the ability of society and its institutions to control, manage, restrain, or direct human behavior). The system seeks to prevent or deter outlawed beha vior by apprehending, adjudicating, and sanctioning the lawbreakers. The criminal justice system has three components; law enforcement agencies, which investigate crimes and apprehend the suspects; the court system, which charges, indicts, tries, and sentences the offenders; and the correctional system, which incapacitates convicted offenders and attempts to aid in their treatment and rehabilitation. The criminal justice agencies are political entities whose structure and functions are lodged within the three arms of any government, that is, the legislative (defines the law and establishes criminal penalties), judicial (interprets existing law and determines constitutionality), and executive (oversees justice agencies operations through budgeting, provision of required directives) (Siegel, 2009). The overall goals of the criminal justice system are to protect the society, maintain order and stability, control crime, investigate crimes and arrest offenders, provide for judicial deter mination of guilt or innocence, set an appropriate sentence for the guilty, and protect the constitutional rights of defendants throughout the criminal justice process (Purpura, 1997). Felony This is a type of sufficiently serious crime that is subjectively punishable by death or a term

To regulate or not to regulate the Internet Research Paper

To regulate or not to regulate the Internet - Research Paper Example Many politicians and businesses have also embraced the internet in order to sell a better image of themselves to the public. Politicians use the internet for their campaigns because it has many users and these will be able to access the message easily, which the politicians are trying to pass across. Businesses on the other hand are using the internet not only for advertising their products but also for transactions between them and their customers. However, despite the good that the internet has brought, there are also some very malicious activities that go on within it, which have raised a great debate concerning internet regulation in many countries (Yang 359). In this paper therefore, we shall look at some of the reasons why the internet should be regulated and why it should not be regulated on the political and business arena. It is our belief that the internet should indeed be regulated in the political and business arena, especially in the latter. In the business arena, the in ternet should be regulated because there are so many businesses, which conduct their activities through the internet, and many do this without any form of government oversight. This means that some businesses might give false information about their products online and after the customer pays for them, he finds that he receives a product of lesser quality from what he paid for. Furthermore, it is easy for false business websites to be set up online with the intention of defrauding those people who fall into their clutches of their money. Online payment methods have made it easier for people to lose their money to false business schemes and to prevent such things from happening; governments all over the world should take steps to regulate the business activities that take place on the internet to protect their citizens. There should also be internet regulations on the political arena because even though the freedom of expression is a fundamental right to all, some politicians tend to propagate agendas which may be harmful to other people either within their own countries or without. For example, when some politicians propagate racist views online claiming that their own race or ethnic group is far more superior to all the others. If a politician in a multiethnic and multicultural society does this, then there is a possibility that his statements will most likely cause friction between the ethnic groups in this society. To prevent this, the government of such a society should put very strict regulations especially on websites, which encourage disunity within the society, and those who run such sites should be prosecuted and given stiff sentences to discourage others from doing the same (Wu 24 – 43). Governments should therefore take steps to ensure that content from the political arena is regulated over the internet because political news tends to spread very fast online and it is never known who will be able to access it and what its precise consequences will be. The capability of internet service providers to self-regulate is very much open to question because the internet is so wide and encompasses the entire world and it would be very difficult for a single internet service provider to be able to regulate it. There is however, some countries, such as the United Kingdom, where internet service